* βeta
Uzbekistan
Background :
Russia conquered the territory of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Boshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land poisoned and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country seeks to gradually lessen its dependence on agriculture while developing its mineral and petroleum reserves. Current concerns include terrorism by Islamic militants, economic stagnation, and the curtailment of human rights and democratization.
Location :
Central Asia, north of Afghanistan
Geographic Coordinates Center :
41 00 N, 64 00 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 56.00 |
| North | 45.58 |
| East | 73.13 |
| South | 37.18 |
Map references :
Asia
Area :
| total | 447 400 | square km |
| land | 425 400 | square km |
| water | 22 000 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 6 221 | km |
| Afghanistan (af) | 137 | km |
| Kazakhstan (kz) | 2 203 | km |
| Kyrgyzstan (kg) | 1 099 | km |
| Tajikistan (tj) | 1 161 | km |
| Turkmenistan (tm) | 1 621 | km |
Coastline :
0.00 km
Climate :
mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Terrain :
mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 12 | metres |
| highest point | 4 301 | metres |
Natural resources :
| coal | copper |
| gold | lead |
| molybdenum | natural gas |
| petroleum | silver |
| tungsten | uranium |
| zinc |
Land use :
| arable land | 10.51 | % |
| permanent crops | 0.76 | % |
| other | 88.73 | % |
Irrigated land :
42 810 square km
Total renewable water resources :
72 cubic km
current issues :
shrinkage of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT
international agreements :
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Endangered Species | Environmental Modification |
| Hazardous Wastes | Ozone Layer Protection |
| Wetlands |
Population :
27 606 007
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 0.94 | % |
| Birth rate | 17.58 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 1.95 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 5.29 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | -2.94 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 28.10 | % |
| 15-64 years | 67.00 | % |
| 65 years and over | 4.90 | % |
Median age :
| total | 24.70 | years |
| male | 24.20 | years |
| female | 25.20 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.06 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.05 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.99 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.75 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.99 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 23.43 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 71.96 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 68.95 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 75.15 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.10 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 16 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 500 |
Religions :
| Muslim | 88.00 | % |
| Eastern Orthodox | 9.00 | % |
| other | 3.00 | % |
Languages :
| Uzbek | 74.30 | % |
| Russian | 14.20 | % |
| Tajik | 4.40 | % |
Literacy :
| total population | 99.30 | % |
| male | 99.60 | % |
| female | 99.00 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Republic of Uzbekistan |
| conventional short form | Uzbekistan |
| local long form | Ozbekiston Respublikasi |
| local short form | Ozbekiston |
| former | Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | UZ |
| ISO Numeric | 860 |
| ISO3 | UZB |
| FIPS | UZ |
| ccTLD | uz |
| English | Uzbekistan |
Administrative divisions :
12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (respublika), and 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati, Farg'ona Viloyati, Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan]* (Nukus), Samarqand Viloyati, Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri**, Toshkent Viloyati, Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch)|
Capital :
| name | Tashkent |
| geographic coordinates | 41 20 N, 69 18 E |
| time difference | 5.00 |
International organization participation :
| ADB | CICA |
| CIS | CSTO |
| EAEC (suspended) | EAPC |
| EBRD | ECO |
| FAO | IAEA |
| IBRD | ICAO |
| ICCt (signatory) | ICRM |
| IDA | IDB |
| IFC | IFRCS |
| ILO | IMF |
| IOC | ISO |
| ITSO | ITU |
| Interpol | MIGA |
| NAM | OIC |
| OPCW | OSCE |
| PFP | SCO |
| UN | UNCTAD |
| UNESCO | UNIDO |
| UNWTO | UPU |
| WCO | WFTU |
| WHO | WIPO |
| WMO | WTO (observer) |
Independence :
1991-09-01
National holiday :
Independence Day
1991-09-01
Executive branch :
| President Islom KARIMOV | Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 77 570 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 30 320 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | 6.70 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 2 800 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 26.80 | % |
| industry | 39.50 | % |
| services | 33.70 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 44.00 | % |
| industry | 20.00 | % |
| services | 36.00 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 15 650 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 1.10 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 26.00 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 36.80 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 8.60 | % |
| Current account balance | 4 505 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 11 000 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 3 630 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 715 300 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 2.00 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 11.70 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 2.80 | % |
| highest 10% | 29.60 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 8 826 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 9 209 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| cotton | fruits |
| grain | livestock |
| vegetables |
Industries :
| chemicals | food processing |
| gold | machine building |
| metallurgy | natural gas |
| petroleum | textiles |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 44 800 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 40 100 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Exports | 11 520 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Imports | 11 440 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 83 820 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 148 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 6 104 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 35 810 | bbl/day |
| Oil Proved reserves | 594 000 000 | bbl |
| Natural gas Production | 67 599 999 999 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Consumption | 52 600 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Exports | 15 000 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Electricity Exports | 1 841 000 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
9 470 000 000 $
Partners :
| Ukraine (ua) | 27.40 | % |
| Russia (ru) | 16.90 | % |
| Turkey (tr) | 7.50 | % |
| Kazakhstan (kz) | 5.90 | % |
| Bangladesh (bd) | 5.00 | % |
| China (cn) | 4.30 | % |
| Japan (jp) | 4.10 | % |
Commodities :
| automobiles | cotton |
| energy products | ferrous and non-ferrous metals |
| food products | gold |
| machinery | mineral fertilizers |
| textiles |
Value :
6 510 000 000 $
Partners :
| Russia (ru) | 25.10 | % |
| China (cn) | 15.30 | % |
| South Korea | 13.50 | % |
| Ukraine (ua) | 7.10 | % |
| Germany (de) | 5.40 | % |
| Kazakhstan (kz) | 4.80 | % |
| Turkey (tr) | 4.00 | % |
Commodities :
| chemicals | ferrous and non-ferrous metals |
| foodstuffs | machinery and equipment |
Currency-code :
UZS
Currency-name :
soum
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 1 850 000 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 12 734 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 12 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 28 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | uz | |
| Internet Hosts | 50 228 | |
| Internet Users | 2 469 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 33 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 9 706 | km |
| Pipelines - oil | 868 | km |
| Roadways - total | 86 496 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 75 511 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 10 985 | km |
| Railways | 3 645 | km |
| Waterways | 1 100 | km |
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