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Ukraine

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Background :

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine was able to bring about a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and forced to endure a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for some 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although final independence for Ukraine was achieved in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties. A peaceful mass protest "Orange Revolution" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary elections and become prime minister in August of 2006. An early legislative election, brought on by a political crisis in the spring of 2007, saw Yuliya TYMOSHENKO, as head of an "Orange" coalition, installed as a new prime minister in December 2007. YUSHCHENKO, TYMOSHENKO, and YANUKOVYCH have dominated Ukrainian politics in the last few years, and all are competing in a presidential election in early 2010. 

Location :

Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

49 00 N, 32 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 22.13
North 52.37
East 40.21
South 44.39

Area :

total 603 550 square km
land 579 330 square km
water 24 220 square km

Land boundaries :

total 4 566 km
Belarus (by) 891 km
Hungary (hu) 103 km
Moldova (md) 940 km
Poland (pl) 428 km
Romania (south) 176 km
Romania (southwest) 362 km
Russia (ru) 1 576 km
Slovakia (sk) 90 km

Coastline :

2782.00 km

Climate :

temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south 

Terrain :

most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 2 061 metres

Natural resources :

arable land coal
graphite iron ore
kaolin magnesium
manganese mercury
natural gas nickel
oil salt
sulfur timber
titanium

Land use :

arable land 53.80 %
permanent crops 1.50 %
other 44.70 %

Irrigated land :

22 080 square km

current issues :

inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant 

international agreements :

Air Pollution Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants Air Pollution-Sulfur 85
Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
Antarctic Treaty Antarctic-Environmental Protocol
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources Biodiversity
Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Desertification Endangered Species
Environmental Modification Hazardous Wastes
Law of the Sea Marine Dumping
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Wetlands

Population :

45 700 395 

Indicators :

Growth rate -0.63 %
Birth rate 9.60 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 1.26 children born/woman
Death rate 15.81 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -0.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 13.80 %
15-64 years 70.30 %
65 years and over 15.90 %

Median age :

total 39.50 years
male 36.30 years
female 42.70 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.50 male(s)/female
total population 0.86 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 8.98 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 68.25 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 62.37 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 74.50 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 1.60 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 440 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 19 000

Religions :

Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate 50.40 %
Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate 26.10 %
Greek Catholic 8.00 %
Orthodox 7.20 %
Roman Catholic 2.20 %
Protestant 2.20 %
Jewish 0.60 %
other 3.20 %

Languages :

Ukrainian 67.00 %
Russian 24.00 %

Literacy :

total population 99.40 %
male 99.70 %
female 99.20 %

Country name :

conventional short form Ukraine
local short form Ukrayina
former Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 UA
ISO Numeric 804
ISO3 UKR
FIPS UP
ccTLD ua
English Ukraine

Administrative divisions :

24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonomna respublika), and 2 municipalities (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Dnipropetrovs'k, Donets'k, Ivano-Frankivs'k, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmel'nyts'kyy, Kirovohrad, Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhans'k, L'viv, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol'**, Sumy, Ternopil', Vinnytsya, Volyn' (Luts'k), Zakarpattya (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhya, Zhytomyr| 

Capital :

name Kyiv

International organization participation :

Australia Group BSEC
CBSS (observer) CE
CEI CICA (observer)
CIS EAEC (observer)
EAPC EBRD
FAO GCTU
GUAM IAEA
IBRD ICAO
ICC ICCt (signatory)
ICRM IDA
IFC IFRCS
IHO ILO
IMF IMO
IMSO IOC
IOM IPU
ISO ITU
ITUC Interpol
LAIA (observer) MIGA
MONUC NAM (observer)
NSG OAS (observer)
OIF (observer) OPCW
OSCE PCA
PFP SECI (observer)
UN UNCTAD
UNESCO UNIDO
UNMIL UNMIS
UNWTO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO
ZC

Independence :

1991-08-24 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1991-08-24

Executive branch :

President Viktor YANUKOVYCH Prime Minister Yuliya TYMOSHENKO

Legislative branch :

Yuliya Tymoshenko Bloc 30.70 %
Our Ukraine-People's Self Defense 14.20 %
CPU 5.40 %
Lytvyn bloc 4.00 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 294 300 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 115 700 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -14.10 %
PPP - per capita 6 400 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 10.00 %
industry 31.20 %
services 58.80 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 19.40 %
industry 24.20 %
services 56.40 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 21 150 000 people
Unemployment rate 4.80 %
Population below poverty line 37.70 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 31.00
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 16.50 %
Investment (gross fixed) 24.90 % of GDP
Current account balance - 162 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 24 440 000 000 $
Debt external 88 920 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 2 155 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 46 990 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 24 360 000 000 $
Military expenditures 1.40 % of GDP
Public debt 20.70 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 3.40 %
highest 10% 25.70 %

Budget :

revenues 26 350 000 000 $
expenditures 34 370 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

beef grain
milk sugar beets
sunflower seed vegetables

Industries :

chemicals coal
electric power ferrous and nonferrous metals
food processing machinery and transport equipment
sugar

Energy :

Electricity Production 185 200 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 153 100 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 12 550 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 3 383 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 101 300 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 353 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 97 200 bbl/day
Oil Imports 354 100 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 395 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 19 800 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 84 000 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Exports 3 200 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 64 200 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 1 104 000 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

41 490 000 000 $

Commodities :

chemicals ferrous and non-ferrous metals
food products fuel and petroleum products
machinery and transportation equipment

Value :

45 580 000 000 $

Commodities :

chemicals energy
machinery and equipment

Currency-name :

hryvnia 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 13 177 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 55 695 000
Television broadcast stations 647
Internet Country code (ccTLD) ua
Internet Hosts 706 485
Internet Users 10 354 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 189
Heliports 7
Pipelines - gas 33 327 km
Pipelines - oil 4 514 km
Pipelines - refined products 4 211 km
Roadways - total 169 422 km
Roadways - expressways 15 km
Roadways - paved 165 611 km
Roadways - unpaved 3 811 km
Railways 21 655 km
Waterways 2 176 km

Photos

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