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Kyrgyzstan

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Background :

A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, most of Kyrgyzstan was formally annexed to Russia in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916 in which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1936 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in the spring of 2005 resulted in the ouster of President Askar AKAEV, who had run the country since 1990. Subsequent presidential elections in July 2005 were won overwhelmingly by former prime minister Kurmanbek BAKIEV. The political opposition organized demonstrations in Bishkek in April, May, and November 2006 resulting in the adoption of a new constitution that transferred some of the president's powers to parliament and the government. In December 2006, the Kyrgyzstani parliament voted to adopt new amendments, restoring some of the presidential powers lost in the November 2006 constitutional change. By late-September 2007, both previous versions of the constitution were declared illegal, and the country reverted to the AKAEV-era 2003 constitution, which was subsequently modified in a flawed referendum initiated by BAKIEV. The president then dissolved parliament, called for early elections, and gained control of the new parliament through his newly-created political party, Ak Jol, in December 2007 elections. In July 2009, after months of harassment against his opponents and media critics, BAKIEV won re-election in a presidential campaign that the international community deemed flawed. Just a few months later in October, BAKIEV engineered changes in the government structure that further consolidated his already considerable hold on power. Current concerns include: privatization of state-owned enterprises, negative trends in democracy and political freedoms, endemic corruption, improving interethnic relations, electricity generation, and combating terrorism. 

Location :

Central Asia, west of China 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

41 00 N, 75 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 69.28
North 43.24
East 80.28
South 39.17

Area :

total 199 951 square km
land 191 801 square km
water 8 150 square km

Land boundaries :

total 3 051 km
China (cn) 858 km
Kazakhstan (kz) 1 224 km
Tajikistan (tj) 870 km
Uzbekistan (uz) 1 099 km

Coastline :

0.00 km

Climate :

dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone 

Terrain :

peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 132 metres
highest point 7 439 metres

Natural resources :

abundant hydropower bismuth
gold and rare earth metals lead
locally exploitable coal mercury
natural gas oil
other deposits of nepheline zinc

Land use :

arable land 6.55 %
permanent crops 0.28 %
other 93.17 %

Irrigated land :

10 720 square km

current issues :

water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices 

international agreements :

Air Pollution Biodiversity
Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Desertification Hazardous Wastes
Ozone Layer Protection Wetlands

Population :

5 431 747 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.40 %
Birth rate 23.44 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 2.65 children born/woman
Death rate 6.91 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -2.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 29.70 %
15-64 years 64.50 %
65 years and over 5.80 %

Median age :

total 24.40 years
male 23.60 years
female 25.30 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.64 male(s)/female
total population 0.96 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 31.26 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 69.43 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 65.43 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 73.64 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.10 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 4 200
HIV-AIDS deaths 200

Religions :

Muslim 75.00 %
Orthodox 20.00 %
other 5.00 %

Languages :

Kyrgyz 64.70 %
Uzbek 13.60 %
Russian 12.50 %
Dungun 1.00 %

Literacy :

total population 98.70 %
male 99.30 %
female 98.10 %

Country name :

conventional long form Kyrgyz Republic
conventional short form Kyrgyzstan
local long form Kyrgyz Respublikasy
local short form Kyrgyzstan
former Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 KG
ISO Numeric 417
ISO3 KGZ
FIPS KG
ccTLD kg
English Kyrgyzstan

Administrative divisions :

7 provinces (oblastlar, singular - oblasty) and 1 city* (shaar); Batken Oblasty, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)| 

Capital :

name Bishkek
geographic coordinates 42 52 N, 74 36 E
time difference 6.00

International organization participation :

ADB CICA
CIS CSTO
EAEC EAPC
EBRD ECO
FAO GCTU
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICCt (signatory)
ICRM IDA
IDB IFAD
IFC IFRCS
ILO IMF
IOC IOM
IPU ISO (correspondent)
ITSO ITU
Interpol MIGA
NAM (observer) OIC
OPCW OSCE
PCA PFP
SCO UN
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNIDO UNMIL
UNMIS UNWTO
UPU WCO
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO

Independence :

1991-08-31 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1991-08-31

Executive branch :

President Kurmanbek BAKIEV Prime Minister Daniyar USENOV

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 11 660 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 4 681 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -1.00 %
PPP - per capita 2 100 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 30.70 %
industry 15.90 %
services 53.40 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 48.00 %
industry 12.50 %
services 39.50 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 2 344 000 people
Unemployment rate 18.00 %
Population below poverty line 40.00 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 30.30
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 7.90 %
Investment (gross fixed) 20.70 % of GDP
Current account balance - 39 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 1 510 000 000 $
Debt external 3 467 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 121 000 000 $
Military expenditures 1.40 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 3.60 %
highest 10% 25.90 %

Budget :

revenues 1 266 000 000 $
expenditures 1 276 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

berries cattle
cotton fruits
goats grapes
potatoes sheep
tobacco vegetables
wool

Industries :

cement electric motors
food processing furniture
gold machinery
rare earth metals refrigerators
sawn logs shoes
textiles

Energy :

Electricity Production 15 960 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 9 000 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 2 379 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 958 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 15 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 1 890 bbl/day
Oil Imports 12 850 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 40 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 30 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 750 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 720 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 5 663 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

1 334 000 000 $

Commodities :

cotton gold
hydropower machinery
meat mercury
natural gas shoes
tobacco uranium
wool

Value :

2 379 000 000 $

Commodities :

chemicals foodstuffs
machinery and equipment oil and gas

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 494 500
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 3 394 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 23
Television broadcast stations 8
Internet Country code (ccTLD) kg
Internet Hosts 82 496
Internet Users 850 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 18
Pipelines - gas 254 km
Pipelines - oil 16 km
Roadways - total 18 500 km
Roadways - expressways 140 km
Roadways - paved 16 909 km
Roadways - unpaved 1 591 km
Railways 470 km
Waterways 600 km

Photos

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