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Germany

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Background :

As Europe's largest economy and second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key Western economic and security organizations, the EC, which became the EU, and NATO, while the Communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the USSR and the end of the Cold War allowed for German unification in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring Eastern productivity and wages up to Western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro. 

Location :

Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

51 00 N, 9 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 5.87
North 55.06
East 15.04
South 47.28

Area :

total 357 022 square km
land 348 672 square km
water 8 350 square km

Coastline :

2389.00 km

Climate :

temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind 

Terrain :

lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 54 metres
highest point 2 963 metres

Natural resources :

arable land coal
construction materials copper
iron ore lignite
natural gas nickel
potash salt
timber uranium

Land use :

arable land 33.13 %
permanent crops 0.60 %
other 66.27 %

Irrigated land :

4 850 square km

current issues :

emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries contribute to air pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany; hazardous waste disposal; government established a mechanism for ending the use of nuclear power over the next 15 years; government working to meet EU commitment to identify nature preservation areas in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, and Habitat directive 

international agreements :

Air Pollution Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants Air Pollution-Sulfur 85
Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
Antarctic Seals Antarctic Treaty
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol Antarctic-Marine Living Resources
Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Environmental Modification
Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea
Marine Dumping Ozone Layer Protection
Ship Pollution Tropical Timber 83
Tropical Timber 94 Wetlands
Whaling

Population :

82 329 758 

Indicators :

Growth rate -0.05 %
Birth rate 8.18 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 1.41 children born/woman
Death rate 10.90 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate 2.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 13.70 %
15-64 years 66.10 %
65 years and over 20.30 %

Median age :

total 43.80 years
male 42.60 years
female 45.20 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.72 male(s)/female
total population 0.97 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 3.99 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 79.26 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 76.26 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 82.42 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.10 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 53 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 500

Religions :

Protestant 34.00 %
Roman Catholic 34.00 %
Muslim 3.70 %
unaffiliated 28.30 %

Languages :

German  

Literacy :

total population 99.00 %
male 99.00 %
female 99.00 %

Country name :

conventional long form Federal Republic of Germany
conventional short form Germany
local long form Bundesrepublik Deutschland
local short form Deutschland
former German Empire, German Republic, German Reich

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 DE
ISO Numeric 276
ISO3 DEU
FIPS GM
ccTLD de
English Germany

Administrative divisions :

16 states (Laender, singular - Land); Baden-Wurttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen (Thuringia); note - Bayern, Sachsen, and Thuringen refer to themselves as free states (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat) 

Capital :

name Berlin
geographic coordinates 52 31 N, 13 24 E
time difference 1.00
daylight saving time 1

International organization participation :

ADB (nonregional member) AfDB (nonregional member)
Arctic Council (observer) Australia Group
BIS BSEC (observer)
CBSS CDB
CE CERN
EAPC EBRD
EIB EMU
ESA EU
FAO FATF
G-10 G-20
G-5 G-7
G-8 IADB
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICCt ICRM
IDA IEA
IFAD IFC
IFRCS IHO
ILO IMF
IMO IMSO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
ITUC Interpol
MIGA NATO
NEA NSG
OAS (observer) OECD
OPCW OSCE
PCA Paris Club
SECI (observer) SICA (observer)
Schengen Convention UN
UNAMID UNCTAD
UNESCO UNHCR
UNIDO UNIFIL
UNMIL UNMIS
UNRWA UNWTO
UPU WADB (nonregional)
WCO WEU
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO ZC

Independence :

1871-01-18 

National holiday :

Unity Day

1990-10-03

Executive branch :

Chancellor Angela MERKEL President Horst KOEHLER

Legislative branch :

CDU/CSU 33.80 %
SPD 23.00 %
FDP 14.60 %
Left 11.90 %
Greens 10.70 %
other 6.00 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 2 812 000 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 3 235 000 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -5.00 %
PPP - per capita 34 200 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 0.90 %
industry 27.10 %
services 72.00 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 2.40 %
industry 29.70 %
services 67.80 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 43 510 000 people
Unemployment rate 8.20 %
Population below poverty line 11.00 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 27.00
Investment (gross fixed) 18.90 % of GDP
Current account balance 109 700 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 138 000 000 000 $
Debt external 5 208 000 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 1 403 000 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 1 020 999 999 999 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 2 105 999 999 999 $
Military expenditures 1.50 % of GDP
Public debt 77.20 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 3.20 %
highest 10% 22.10 %

Budget :

revenues 1 398 000 000 000 $
expenditures 1 540 000 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

barley cabbages
cattle fruits
pigs potatoes
poultry sugar beets
wheat

Industries :

beverages cement
chemicals coal
electronics food
iron machine tools
machinery shipbuilding
steel textiles
vehicles

Energy :

Electricity Production 593 400 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 547 299 999 999 kWh
Electricity Exports 61 700 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 41 670 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 150 800 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 2 569 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 582 900 bbl/day
Oil Imports 2 777 000 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 276 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 16 360 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 95 790 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Exports 12 680 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 91 990 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 175 600 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

1 187 000 000 000 $

Commodities :

chemicals foodstuffs
machinery metals and manufactures
textiles vehicles

Value :

1 022 000 000 000 $

Commodities :

chemicals foodstuffs
machinery metals
textiles vehicles

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 51 500 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 107 245 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 787
Television broadcast stations 373
Internet Country code (ccTLD) de
Internet Hosts 23 796 000
Internet Users 61 973 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 330
Heliports 25
Pipelines - gas 24 364 km
Pipelines - oil 3 379 km
Pipelines - refined products 3 843 km
Roadways - total 644 480 km
Roadways - expressways 12 400 km
Roadways - paved 644 480 km
Railways 41 896 km
Waterways 7 467 km

Photos

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