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Spain

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Background :

Spain's powerful world empire of the 16th and 17th centuries ultimately yielded command of the seas to England. Subsequent failure to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions caused the country to fall behind Britain, France, and Germany in economic and political power. Spain remained neutral in World Wars I and II but suffered through a devastating civil war (1936-39). A peaceful transition to democracy following the death of dictator Francisco FRANCO in 1975, and rapid economic modernization (Spain joined the EU in 1986) gave Spain a dynamic and rapidly growing economy and made it a global champion of freedom and human rights. The government continues to battle the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) terrorist organization, but its major focus for the immediate future will be on measures to reverse the severe economic recession that started in mid-2008. 

Location :

Southwestern Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and Pyrenees Mountains, southwest of France 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

40 00 N, 4 00 W  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West -18.17
North 43.79
East 4.32
South 27.64

Area :

total 505 370 square km
land 498 980 square km
water 6 390 square km

Land boundaries :

total 1 917 km
Andorra (ad) 63 km
France (fr) 623 km
Gibraltar (gi) 1 km
Portugal (pt) 1 214 km
Morocco (Ceuta) 6 km
Morocco (Melilla) 9 km

Coastline :

4964.00 km

Climate :

temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast 

Terrain :

large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 3 718 metres

Natural resources :

arable land coal
copper fluorspar
gypsum hydropower
iron ore kaolin
lead lignite
magnesite mercury
potash pyrites
sepiolite tungsten
uranium zinc

Land use :

arable land 27.18 %
permanent crops 9.85 %
other 62.97 %

Irrigated land :

37 800 square km

Natural hazards :

periodic droughts

current issues :

pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from the offshore production of oil and gas; water quality and quantity nationwide; air pollution; deforestation; desertification 

international agreements :

Air Pollution Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants Air Pollution-Sulfur 94
Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds Antarctic Treaty
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol Antarctic-Marine Living Resources
Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Environmental Modification
Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea
Marine Dumping Marine Life Conservation
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Tropical Timber 83 Tropical Timber 94
Wetlands Whaling

Population :

40 525 002 

Indicators :

Growth rate 0.07 %
Birth rate 9.72 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 1.31 children born/woman
Death rate 9.99 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate 0.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 14.50 %
15-64 years 67.40 %
65 years and over 18.10 %

Median age :

total 41.10 years
male 39.70 years
female 42.50 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.72 male(s)/female
total population 0.96 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 4.21 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 80.05 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 76.74 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 83.57 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.50 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 140 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 2 300

Religions :

Roman Catholic 94.00 %
other 6.00 %

Languages :

Castilian Spanish 74.00 %
Catalan 17.00 %
Galician 7.00 %
Basque 2.00 %

Literacy :

total population 97.90 %
male 98.70 %
female 97.20 %

Country name :

conventional long form Kingdom of Spain
conventional short form Spain
local long form Reino de Espana
local short form Espana

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 ES
ISO Numeric 724
ISO3 ESP
FIPS SP
ccTLD es
English Spain

Administrative divisions :

17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad autonoma) and 2 autonomous cities* (ciudades autonomas, singular - ciudad autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Baleares (Balearic Islands), Ceuta*, Canarias (Canary Islands), Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Cataluna (Catalonia), Comunidad Valenciana (Valencian Community), Extremadura, Galicia, La Rioja, Madrid, Melilla*, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco (Basque Country)| 

Capital :

name Madrid
geographic coordinates 40 24 N, 3 41 W
time difference 1.00
daylight saving time 1

International organization participation :

ADB (nonregional member) AfDB (nonregional member)
Arctic Council (observer) Australia Group
BCIE BIS
CE CERN
EAPC EBRD
EIB EMU
ESA EU
FAO FATF
IADB IAEA
IBRD ICAO
ICC ICCt
ICRM IDA
IEA IFAD
IFC IFRCS
IHO ILO
IMF IMO
IMSO IOC
IOM IPU
ISO ITSO
ITU ITUC
Interpol LAIA (observer)
MIGA MONUC
NATO NEA
NSG OAS (observer)
OECD OPCW
OSCE PCA
Paris Club SECI (observer)
SICA (observer) Schengen Convention
UN UNCTAD
UNESCO UNHCR
UNIDO UNIFIL
UNRWA UNWTO
UPU Union Latina
WCO WEU
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO ZC

National holiday :

National Day

1492-10-12

Executive branch :

King JUAN CARLOS I President

Legislative branch :

PSOE 43.60 %
PP 40.10 %
CiU 3.10 %
PNV 1.20 %
ERC 1.20 %
other 10.80 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 1 368 000 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 1 466 000 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -3.60 %
PPP - per capita 33 700 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 3.40 %
industry 26.90 %
services 69.60 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 4.20 %
industry 24.00 %
services 71.70 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 22 970 000 people
Unemployment rate 18.10 %
Population below poverty line 19.80 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 32.00
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -0.80 %
Investment (gross fixed) 26.60 % of GDP
Current account balance - 69 460 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 20 250 000 000 $
Debt external 2 410 000 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 633 300 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 649 900 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 1 132 000 000 000 $
Military expenditures 1.20 % of GDP
Public debt 50.00 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 2.60 %
highest 10% 26.60 %

Budget :

revenues 420 400 000 000 $
expenditures 536 299 999 999 $

Agriculture - products :

beef citrus
dairy fish
grain olives
pork poultry
sugar beets vegetables
wine grapes

Industries :

apparel automobiles
beverages chemicals
clay and refractory products food
footwear footwear
machine tools medical equipment
metals and metal manufactures pharmaceuticals
shipbuilding textiles
tourism

Energy :

Electricity Production 300 500 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 276 100 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 16 920 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 5 880 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 28 130 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 1 562 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 226 900 bbl/day
Oil Imports 1 813 000 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 150 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 17 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 38 180 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 38 590 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 2 548 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

215 700 000 000 $

Commodities :

consumer products foodstuffs
machinery medicines
motor vehicles pharmaceuticals

Value :

293 200 000 000 $

Commodities :

chemicals consumer products
foodstuffs fuels
machinery and equipment measuring and medical control instruments
semi-finished products

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 20 200 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 49 682 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 250
Television broadcast stations 379
Internet Country code (ccTLD) es
Internet Hosts 3 537 000
Internet Users 25 240 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 95
Heliports 9
Pipelines - gas 7 738 km
Pipelines - oil 560 km
Pipelines - refined products 3 445 km
Roadways - total 681 224 km
Roadways - expressways 13 872 km
Roadways - paved 681 224 km
Railways 15 288 km
Waterways 1 000 km

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