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Italy

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Background :

Italy became a nation-state in 1861 when the regional states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily, were united under King Victor EMMANUEL II. An era of parliamentary government came to a close in the early 1920s when Benito MUSSOLINI established a Fascist dictatorship. His alliance with Nazi Germany led to Italy's defeat in World War II. A democratic republic replaced the monarchy in 1946 and economic revival followed. Italy was a charter member of NATO and the European Economic Community (EEC). It has been at the forefront of European economic and political unification, joining the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999. Persistent problems include illegal immigration, organized crime, corruption, high unemployment, sluggish economic growth, and the low incomes and technical standards of southern Italy compared with the prosperous north. 

Location :

Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

42 50 N, 12 50 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 6.61
North 47.10
East 18.51
South 36.65

Area :

total 301 340 square km
land 294 140 square km
water 7 200 square km

Land boundaries :

total 1 899 km
Austria (at) 430 km
France (fr) 488 km
Holy See (Vatican City) 3 km
San Marino (sm) 39 km
Slovenia (si) 199 km
Switzerland (ch) 740 km

Coastline :

7600.00 km

Climate :

predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south 

Terrain :

mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 4 748 metres

Natural resources :

arable land asbestos
barite coal
feldspar fish
fluorspar marble
mercury natural gas and crude oil reserves
potash pumice
pyrite zinc

Land use :

arable land 26.41 %
permanent crops 9.09 %
other 64.50 %

Irrigated land :

27 500 square km

Natural hazards :

avalanches earthquakes
flooding lides
mudflows volcanic eruptions

current issues :

air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities 

international agreements :

Air Pollution Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants Air Pollution-Sulfur 85
Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
Antarctic Seals Antarctic Treaty
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol Antarctic-Marine Living Resources
Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Environmental Modification
Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea
Marine Dumping Ozone Layer Protection
Ship Pollution Tropical Timber 83
Tropical Timber 94 Wetlands
Whaling

Population :

58 126 212 

Indicators :

Growth rate -0.05 %
Birth rate 8.18 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 1.31 children born/woman
Death rate 10.72 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate 2.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 13.50 %
15-64 years 66.30 %
65 years and over 20.20 %

Median age :

total 43.30 years
male 41.80 years
female 44.80 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.72 male(s)/female
total population 0.96 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 5.51 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 80.20 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 77.26 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 83.33 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.40 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 150 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 1 900

Religions :

Roman Catholic 90.00 %
other 10.00 %

Languages :

Italian  
German  
French  
Slovene  

Literacy :

total population 98.40 %
male 98.80 %
female 98.00 %

Country name :

conventional long form Italian Republic
conventional short form Italy
local long form Repubblica Italiana
local short form Italia
former Kingdom of Italy

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 IT
ISO Numeric 380
ISO3 ITA
FIPS IT
ccTLD it
English Italy

Administrative divisions :

15 regions (regioni, singular - regione) and 5 autonomous regions (regioni autonome, singular - regione autonoma)||regions:|Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio (Latium), Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte (Piedmont), Puglia (Apulia), Toscana (Tuscany), Umbria, Veneto (Venetia)||autonomous regions:|Friuli-Venezia Giulia; Sardegna (Sardinia); Sicilia (Sicily); Trentino-South Tyrol, also known as Trentino-Alto Adige (Italian), Trentino-Suedtirol (German); Aosta Valley, also known as Valle d'Aosta (Italian), Vallee d'Aoste (French) 

Capital :

name Rome
geographic coordinates 41 54 N, 12 29 E
time difference 1.00
daylight saving time 1

International organization participation :

ADB (nonregional member) AfDB (nonregional member)
Arctic Council (observer) Australia Group
BIS BSEC (observer)
CBSS (observer) CDB
CE CEI
CERN EAPC
EBRD EIB
EMU ESA
EU FAO
FATF G-10
G-20 G-7
G-8 IADB
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICCt ICRM
IDA IEA
IFAD IFC
IFRCS IHO
ILO IMF
IMO IMSO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
ITUC Interpol
LAIA (observer) MIGA
MINURSO NATO
NEA NSG
OAS (observer) OECD
OPCW OSCE
PCA PIF (partner)
Paris Club SECI (observer)
SICA (observer) Schengen Convention
UN UNAMID
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNHCR UNIDO
UNIFIL UNMOGIP
UNRWA UNTSO
UNWTO UPU
Union Latina WCO
WEU WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO
ZC

Independence :

1861-03-17 

National holiday :

Republic Day

1946-06-02

Executive branch :

President Giorgio NAPOLITANO Prime Minister Silvio BERLUSCONI

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 1 756 000 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 2 089 999 999 999
RGR - Real Growth rate -5.00 %
PPP - per capita 30 200 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 2.10 %
industry 25.00 %
services 72.90 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 4.20 %
industry 30.70 %
services 65.10 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 24 950 000 people
Unemployment rate 7.50 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 32.00
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.60 %
Investment (gross fixed) 19.20 % of GDP
Current account balance - 55 440 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 105 300 000 000 $
Debt external 2 328 000 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 610 500 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 386 700 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 1 073 000 000 000 $
Military expenditures 1.80 % of GDP
Public debt 115.20 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 2.30 %
highest 10% 26.80 %

Budget :

revenues 960 100 000 000 $
expenditures 1 068 000 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

beef dairy
fish fruits
grain grapes
olives potatoes
soya sugar beets
vegetables

Industries :

ceramics chemicals
clothing food processing
footwear iron
machinery motor vehicles
steel textiles
tourism

Energy :

Electricity Production 289 700 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 315 000 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 3 431 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 43 000 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 162 200 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 1 639 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 667 100 bbl/day
Oil Imports 2 205 000 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 406 500 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 9 255 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 84 880 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Exports 210 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 76 860 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 94 150 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

369 000 000 000 $

Commodities :

beverages and tobacco chemicals
engineering products food
metals minerals
motor vehicles production machinery
textiles and clothing transportation equipment

Value :

358 700 000 000 $

Commodities :

beverages chemicals
energy products engineering products
food minerals and nonferrous metals
textiles and clothing tobacco
transportation equipment

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 20 031 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 88 580 000
Television broadcast stations 358
Internet Country code (ccTLD) it
Internet Hosts 22 152 000
Internet Users 24 992 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 101
Heliports 6
Pipelines - gas 17 558 km
Pipelines - oil 1 241 km
Roadways - total 487 700 km
Roadways - expressways 6 700 km
Roadways - paved 487 700 km
Railways 19 729 km
Waterways 2 400 km

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