* βeta

Libya

X

Background :

The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when defeated in World War II. Libya then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI began to espouse his own political system, the Third Universal Theory. The system is a combination of socialism and Islam derived in part from tribal practices and is supposed to be implemented by the Libyan people themselves in a unique form of "direct democracy." QADHAFI has always seen himself as a revolutionary and visionary leader. He used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. In addition, beginning in 1973, he engaged in military operations in northern Chad's Aozou Strip - to gain access to minerals and to use as a base of influence in Chadian politics - but was forced to retreat in 1987. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically following the downing of Pan AM Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. During the 1990s, QADHAFI began to rebuild his relationships with Europe. UN sanctions were suspended in April 1999 and finally lifted in September 2003 after Libya accepted responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing. In December 2003, Libya announced that it had agreed to reveal and end its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction and to renounce terrorism. QADHAFI has made significant strides in normalizing relations with Western nations since then. He has received various Western European leaders as well as many working-level and commercial delegations, and made his first trip to Western Europe in 15 years when he traveled to Brussels in April 2004. The US rescinded Libya's designation as a state sponsor of terrorism in June 2006. In January 2008, Libya assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2008-09 term. In August 2008, the US and Libya signed a bilateral comprehensive claims settlement agreement to compensate claimants in both countries who allege injury or death at the hands of the other country, including the Lockerbie bombing, the LaBelle disco bombing, and the UTA 772 bombing. In October 2008, the US Government received $1.5 billion pursuant to the agreement to distribute to US national claimants, and as a result effectively normalized its bilateral relationship with Libya. The two countries then exchanged ambassadors for the first time since 1973 in January 2009. QADHAFI in February 2009 took over as chairman of the African Union for the 2009-10 term; in September 2009, a Libyan took over the year-long presidency of UN General Assembly. 

Location :

Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

25 00 N, 17 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 9.39
North 33.17
East 25.15
South 19.51

Area :

total 1 759 540 square km
land 1 759 540 square km
water 0 square km

Land boundaries :

total 4 348 km
Algeria (dz) 982 km
Chad (td) 1 055 km
Egypt (eg) 1 115 km
Niger (ne) 354 km
Sudan (sd) 383 km
Tunisia (tn) 459 km

Coastline :

1770.00 km

Climate :

Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior 

Terrain :

mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 47 metres
highest point 2 267 metres

Natural resources :

gypsum natural gas
petroleum

Land use :

arable land 1.03 %
permanent crops 0.19 %
other 98.78 %

Irrigated land :

4 700 square km

Natural hazards :

dust storms torms

current issues :

desertification; limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Hazardous Wastes
Law of the Sea Marine Dumping
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Wetlands

Population :

6 324 357 

Indicators :

Growth rate 2.17 %
Birth rate 25.13 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 3.08 children born/woman
Death rate 3.41 deaths/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 33.00 %
15-64 years 62.60 %
65 years and over 4.40 %

Median age :

total 23.90 years
male 24.00 years
female 23.80 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.06 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.96 male(s)/female
total population 1.05 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 21.70 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 77.29 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 75.01 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 79.68 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.30 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 10 000

Religions :

Sunni Muslim 97.00 %
other 3.00 %

Languages :

Arabic  
Italian  
English  

Literacy :

total population 82.60 %
male 92.40 %
female 72.00 %

Country name :

conventional long form Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
conventional short form Libya
local long form Al Jamahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uthma

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 LY
ISO Numeric 434
ISO3 LBY
FIPS LY
ccTLD ly
English Libya

Administrative divisions :

25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions 

Capital :

name Tripoli
geographic coordinates 32 53 N, 13 10 E
time difference 2.00

International organization participation :

ABEDA AFESD
AMF AMU
AU AfDB
CAEU COMESA
FAO G-77
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICRM
IDA IDB
IFAD IFC
IFRCS ILO
IMF IMO
IMSO IOC
IOM IPU
ISO ITSO
ITU Interpol
LAS MIGA
NAM OAPEC
OIC OPCW
OPEC PCA
UN UNCTAD
UNESCO UNIDO
UNWTO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO (observer)

Independence :

1951-12-24 

National holiday :

Revolution Day

1969-09-01

Executive branch :

Prime Minister al-Baghdadi Ali al-MAHMUDI Revolutionary Leader Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 92 320 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 60 610 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 4.00 %
PPP - per capita 14 600 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 4.20 %
industry 77.90 %
services 17.90 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 17.00 %
industry 23.00 %
services 59.00 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 1 686 000 people
Unemployment rate 30.00 %
Population below poverty line 7.40 %
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.00 %
Investment (gross fixed) 16.00 % of GDP
Current account balance 6 502 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 89 740 000 000 $
Debt external 6 491 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 6 963 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 13 650 000 000 $
Military expenditures 3.90 % of GDP
Public debt 6.50 % of GDP

Budget :

revenues 35 080 000 000 $
expenditures 35 900 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

barley cattle
citrus dates
olives peanuts
soya vegetables
wheat

Industries :

cement food processing
handicrafts iron
petroleum steel
textiles

Energy :

Electricity Production 23 980 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 22 170 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 104 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 77 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 1 875 000 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 273 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 1 542 000 bbl/day
Oil Imports 575 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 43 660 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 15 900 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 5 500 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Exports 10 400 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 1 540 000 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

33 970 000 000 $

Commodities :

chemicals crude oil
natural gas refined petroleum products

Value :

26 820 000 000 $

Partners :

Italy (it) 22.20 %
China (cn) 9.30 %
Germany (de) 8.60 %
Turkey (tr) 6.10 %
Tunisia (tn) 5.80 %
South Korea 4.70 %
United States (us) 4.10 %
France (fr) 4.10 %

Commodities :

consumer products food
machinery semi-finished products
transportation equipment

Currency-name :

Libyan dinar 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 1 032 999
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 4 828 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 3
Television broadcast stations 12
Internet Country code (ccTLD) ly
Internet Hosts 11 751
Internet Users 323 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 59
Heliports 2
Pipelines - gas 2 860 km
Pipelines - oil 6 987 km
Pipelines - condensate 776 km
Roadways - total 100 024 km
Roadways - paved 57 214 km
Roadways - unpaved 42 810 km

Photos

=  
Powered by Google App Engine  | Photos provided by Panoramio Logo are under the copyright of their owners   | 
♦ geognos.com ©®™2010 ♦ Visualizations by Google Visualization API  | Dynamic maps by Google Maps API v3  | Dynamic translations by Google AJAX Language API