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Bangladesh

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Background :

Europeans began to set up trading posts in the area of Bangladesh in the 16th century; eventually the British came to dominate the region and it became part of British India. In 1947, West Pakistan and East Bengal (both primarily Muslim) separated from India (largely Hindu) and jointly became the new country of Pakistan. East Bengal became East Pakistan in 1955, but the awkward arrangement of a two-part country with its territorial units separated by 1,600 km left the Bengalis marginalized and dissatisfied. East Pakistan seceded from its union with West Pakistan in 1971 and was renamed Bangladesh. A military-backed, emergency caretaker regime suspended parliamentary elections planned for January 2007 in an effort to reform the political system and root out corruption. In contrast to the strikes and violent street rallies that had marked Bangladeshi politics in previous years, the parliamentary elections finally held in late December 2008 were mostly peaceful and Sheikh HASINA Wajed was reelected prime minister. About a third of this extremely poor country floods annually during the monsoon rainy season, hampering economic development. 

Location :

Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

24 00 N, 90 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 88.03
North 26.63
East 92.67
South 20.74

Area :

total 143 998 square km
land 130 168 square km
water 13 830 square km

Land boundaries :

total 4 246 km
Burma 193 km
India (in) 4 053 km

Coastline :

580.00 km

Climate :

tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October) 

Terrain :

mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 1 230 metres

Natural resources :

arable land coal
natural gas timber

Land use :

arable land 55.39 %
permanent crops 3.08 %
other 41.53 %

Irrigated land :

47 250 square km

Natural hazards :

cyclones droughts

current issues :

many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; waterborne diseases prevalent in surface water; water pollution, especially of fishing areas, results from the use of commercial pesticides; ground water contaminated by naturally occurring arsenic; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation and erosion; deforestation; severe overpopulation 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Environmental Modification
Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Wetlands

Population :

156 050 883 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.29 %
Birth rate 24.68 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 2.74 children born/woman
Death rate 9.23 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -2.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 34.60 %
15-64 years 61.40 %
65 years and over 4.00 %

Median age :

total 23.30 years
male 22.90 years
female 23.50 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.90 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.94 male(s)/female
total population 0.93 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 59.02 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 60.25 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 57.57 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 63.03 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.10 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 12 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 500

Religions :

Muslim 83.00 %
Hindu 16.00 %
other 1.00 %

Languages :

Bengali  
English  

Literacy :

total population 47.90 %
male 54.00 %
female 41.40 %

Country name :

conventional long form People's Republic of Bangladesh
conventional short form Bangladesh
local long form Gana Prajatantri Banladesh
local short form Banladesh
former East Bengal, East Pakistan

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 BD
ISO Numeric 50
ISO3 BGD
FIPS BG
ccTLD bd
English Bangladesh

Administrative divisions :

6 divisions; Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, Sylhet 

Capital :

name Dhaka
geographic coordinates 23 43 N, 90 24 E
time difference 6.00

International organization participation :

ADB ARF
BIMSTEC C
CP D-8
FAO G-77
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICCt (signatory) ICRM
IDA IDB
IFAD IFC
IFRCS IHO
ILO IMF
IMO IMSO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
ITUC Interpol
MIGA MINURCAT
MINURSO MONUC
NAM OIC
OPCW SAARC
SACEP UN
UNAMID UNCTAD
UNESCO UNHCR
UNIDO UNMIL
UNMIS UNMIT
UNOCI UNWTO
UPU WCO
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO

Independence :

1971-12-16 

National holiday :

Independence Day 1971-03-26
Victory Day 1971-12-16

Executive branch :

President Zillur RAHMAN Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA Wajed

Legislative branch :

AL 49.00 %
BNP 33.20 %
JP 7.00 %
JIB 4.60 %
other 6.20 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 242 200 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 92 120 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 5.70 %
PPP - per capita 1 600 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 18.70 %
industry 28.70 %
services 52.60 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 45.00 %
industry 30.00 %
services 25.00 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 72 500 000 people
Unemployment rate 2.50 %
Population below poverty line 36.30 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 33.20
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5.10 %
Investment (gross fixed) 23.70 % of GDP
Current account balance 2 808 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 9 213 000 000 $
Debt external 23 220 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 98 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 7 235 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 6 671 000 000 $
Military expenditures 1.50 % of GDP
Public debt 38.20 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 8.80 %
highest 10% 26.60 %

Budget :

revenues 11 400 000 000 $
expenditures 16 300 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

beef fruits
jute milk
oilseed potatoes
poultry pulses
rice spices
sugarcane tea
tobacco wheat

Industries :

cement chemical fertilizer
cotton textiles garments
jute light engineering
paper newsprint sugar
tea processing

Energy :

Electricity Production 22 990 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 21 380 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 6 426 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 95 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 2 612 bbl/day
Oil Imports 87 660 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 28 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 17 900 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 17 900 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 141 600 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

15 910 000 000 $

Commodities :

frozen fish and seafood garments
jute and jute products leather

Value :

20 220 000 000 $

Commodities :

cement chemicals
foodstuffs iron and steel
machinery and equipment petroleum products
textiles

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 1 390 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 45 750 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 19
Television broadcast stations 17
Internet Country code (ccTLD) bd
Internet Hosts 4 209
Internet Users 556 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 15
Pipelines - gas 2 597 km
Roadways - total 239 226 km
Roadways - paved 22 726 km
Roadways - unpaved 216 500 km
Railways 2 768 km
Waterways 8 370 km

Photos

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