* βeta

India

X

Background :

The Indus Valley civilization, one of the world's oldest, flourished during the 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. and extended into northwestern India. Aryan tribes from the northwest infiltrated onto the Indian subcontinent about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier Dravidian inhabitants created the classical Indian culture. The Maurya Empire of the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C. - which reached its zenith under ASHOKA - united much of South Asia. The Golden Age ushered in by the Gupta dynasty (4th to 6th centuries A.D.) saw a flowering of Indian science, art, and culture. Islam spread across the subcontinent over a period of 700 years. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Turks and Afghans invaded India and established the Delhi Sultanate. In the early 16th century, the Emperor BABUR established the Mughal Dynasty which ruled India for more than three centuries. European explorers began establishing footholds in India during the 16th century. By the 19th century, Great Britain had become the dominant political power on the subcontinent. The British Indian Army played a vital role in both World Wars. Nonviolent resistance to British rule, led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU, eventually brought about independence in 1947. Communal violence led to the subcontinent's bloody partition, which resulted in the creation of two separate states, India and Pakistan. The two countries have fought three wars since independence, the last of which in 1971 resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. India's nuclear weapons tests in 1998 caused Pakistan to conduct its own tests that same year. Despite pressing problems such as significant overpopulation, environmental degradation, extensive poverty, and widespread corruption, rapid economic development is fueling India's rise on the world stage. 

Location :

Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

20 00 N, 77 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 68.19
North 35.50
East 97.40
South 6.75

Area :

total 3 287 263 square km
land 2 973 193 square km
water 314 070 square km

Land boundaries :

total 14 103 km
Bangladesh (bd) 4 053 km
Bhutan (bt) 605 km
Burma 1 463 km
China (cn) 3 380 km
Nepal (np) 1 690 km
Pakistan (pk) 2 912 km

Coastline :

7000.00 km

Climate :

varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north 

Terrain :

upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 8 598 metres

Natural resources :

arable land bauxite
chromite coal
diamonds iron ore
limestone manganese
mica natural gas
petroleum titanium ore

Land use :

arable land 48.83 %
permanent crops 2.80 %
other 48.37 %

Irrigated land :

558 080 square km

Natural hazards :

destructive flooding droughts
earthquakes floods
monsoonal rains torms

current issues :

deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing population is overstraining natural resources 

international agreements :

Antarctic Treaty Antarctic-Environmental Protocol
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources Biodiversity
Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Desertification Endangered Species
Environmental Modification Hazardous Wastes
Law of the Sea Ozone Layer Protection
Ship Pollution Tropical Timber 83
Tropical Timber 94 Wetlands
Whaling

Population :

1 156 897 766 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.41 %
Birth rate 21.72 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 2.68 children born/woman
Death rate 7.60 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -0.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 30.50 %
15-64 years 64.30 %
65 years and over 5.20 %

Median age :

total 25.30 years
male 24.90 years
female 25.80 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.12 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.10 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.06 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.90 male(s)/female
total population 1.06 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 50.78 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 66.09 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 65.13 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 67.17 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.30 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 2 400 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 310 000

Religions :

Hindu 80.50 %
Muslim 13.40 %
Christian 2.30 %
Sikh 1.90 %
other 1.80 %
unspecified 0.10 %

Languages :

Hindi 41.00 %
Bengali 8.10 %
Telugu 7.20 %
Marathi 7.00 %
Tamil 5.90 %
Urdu 5.00 %
Gujarati 4.50 %
Kannada 3.70 %
Malayalam 3.20 %
Oriya 3.20 %
Punjabi 2.80 %
Assamese 1.30 %
Maithili 1.20 %

Literacy :

total population 61.00 %
male 73.40 %
female 47.80 %

Country name :

conventional long form Republic of India
conventional short form India
local long form Republic of India/Bharatiya Ganarajya
local short form India/Bharat

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 IN
ISO Numeric 356
ISO3 IND
FIPS IN
ccTLD in
English India

Administrative divisions :

28 states and 7 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli*, Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Puducherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal 

Capital :

name New Delhi
geographic coordinates 28 36 N, 77 12 E
time difference 5.50

International organization participation :

ADB ARF
ASEAN (dialogue partner) AfDB (nonregional member)
BIMSTEC BIS
C CERN (observer)
CICA CP
EAS FAO
G-15 G-20
G-24 G-77
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICRM IDA
IFAD IFC
IFRCS IHO
ILO IMF
IMO IMSO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
ITUC Interpol
LAS (observer) MIGA
MONUC NAM
OAS (observer) OPCW
PCA PIF (partner)
SAARC SACEP
SCO (observer) UN
UNCTAD UNDOF
UNESCO UNHCR
UNIDO UNIFIL
UNITAR UNMIS
UNMIT UNOCI
UNWTO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO

Independence :

1947-08-15 

National holiday :

Republic Day

1950-01-26

Executive branch :

President Pratibha PATIL Prime Minister Manmohan SINGH

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 3 561 000 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 1 095 000 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 6.50 %
PPP - per capita 3 100 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 15.80 %
industry 25.80 %
services 58.40 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 17.50 %
industry 20.00 %
services 62.60 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 467 000 000 people
Unemployment rate 10.70 %
Population below poverty line 25.00 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 36.80
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 10.70 %
Investment (gross fixed) 32.10 % of GDP
Current account balance - 8 398 999 999 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 287 500 000 000 $
Debt external 223 900 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 77 420 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 161 300 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 645 500 000 000 $
Military expenditures 2.50 % of GDP
Public debt 59.60 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 3.60 %
highest 10% 31.10 %

Budget :

revenues 129 900 000 000 $
expenditures 237 200 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

cotton dairy
fish goats
jute lentils
oilseed onions
potatoes poultry
rice sheep
sugarcane tea
wheat

Industries :

cement chemicals
food processing machinery
mining petroleum
pharmaceuticals software
steel textiles
transportation equipment

Energy :

Electricity Production 723 800 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 568 000 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 810 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 5 270 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 3 720 000 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 2 670 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 738 600 bbl/day
Oil Imports 2 900 000 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 5 625 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 32 850 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 42 990 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 10 790 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 1 075 000 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

165 000 000 000 $

Partners :

UAE 12.30 %
United States (us) 11.70 %
China (cn) 5.40 %
Singapore (sg) 4.50 %

Commodities :

apparel chemicals
iron and steel machinery
petroleum products precious stones
vehicles

Value :

253 900 000 000 $

Partners :

China (cn) 10.80 %
Saudi Arabia (sa) 6.90 %
United States (us) 6.70 %
UAE 6.70 %
Iran (ir) 4.20 %

Commodities :

chemicals fertilizer
iron and steel machinery
petroleum precious stones

Currency-name :

Indian rupee 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 36 760 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 545 000 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 171
Television broadcast stations 1 400
Internet Country code (ccTLD) in
Internet Hosts 3 611 000
Internet Users 81 000 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 250
Heliports 37
Pipelines - gas 2 km
Pipelines - oil 7 659 km
Pipelines - refined products 7 201 km
Pipelines - liquid petroleum gas 2 163 km
Roadways - total 3 320 410 km
Roadways - expressways 200 km
Railways 64 015 km
Waterways 14 500 km

Photos

=  
Powered by Google App Engine  | Photos provided by Panoramio Logo are under the copyright of their owners   | 
♦ geognos.com ©®™2010 ♦ Visualizations by Google Visualization API  | Dynamic maps by Google Maps API v3  | Dynamic translations by Google AJAX Language API