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Kazakhstan

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Background :

Native Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated into the region in the 13th century, were rarely united as a single nation. The area was conquered by Russia in the 18th century, and Kazakhstan became a Soviet Republic in 1936. During the 1950s and 1960s agricultural "Virgin Lands" program, Soviet citizens were encouraged to help cultivate Kazakhstan's northern pastures. This influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but also some other deported nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture and enabled non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Independence in 1991 caused many of these newcomers to emigrate. Kazakhstan's economy is larger than those of all the other Central Asian states combined, largely due to the country's vast natural resources and a recent history of political stability. Current issues include: developing a cohesive national identity; expanding the development of the country's vast energy resources and exporting them to world markets; achieving a sustainable economic growth; diversifying the economy outside the oil, gas, and mining sectors; enhancing Kazakhstan's competitiveness; and strengthening relations with neighboring states and other foreign powers. 

Location :

Central Asia, northwest of China; a small portion west of the Ural (Zhayyq) River in eastern-most Europe 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

48 00 N, 68 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 46.49
North 55.45
East 87.31
South 40.94

Area :

total 2 724 900 square km
land 2 699 700 square km
water 25 200 square km

Land boundaries :

total 12 185 km
China (cn) 1 533 km
Kyrgyzstan (kg) 1 224 km
Russia (ru) 6 846 km
Turkmenistan (tm) 379 km
Uzbekistan (uz) 2 203 km

Coastline :

0.00 km

Climate :

continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid 

Terrain :

vast flat steppe extending from the Volga in the west to the Altai Mountains in the east and from the plains of western Siberia in the north to oases and deserts of Central Asia in the south 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 132 metres
highest point 6 995 metres

Natural resources :

bauxite chrome ore
coal cobalt
copper gold
iron ore lead
major deposits of petroleum manganese
molybdenum natural gas
nickel uranium
zinc

Land use :

arable land 8.28 %
permanent crops 0.05 %
other 91.67 %

Irrigated land :

35 560 square km

Natural hazards :

earthquakes mudslides

current issues :

radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with former defense industries and test ranges scattered throughout the country pose health risks for humans and animals; industrial pollution is severe in some cities; because the two main rivers that flowed into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation, it is drying up and leaving behind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up by the wind and blown into noxious dust storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salination from poor infrastructure and wasteful irrigation practices 

international agreements :

Air Pollution Biodiversity
Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Desertification Endangered Species
Environmental Modification Hazardous Wastes
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Wetlands

Population :

15 399 437 

Indicators :

Growth rate 0.39 %
Birth rate 16.60 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 1.88 children born/woman
Death rate 9.39 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -3.30 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 21.80 %
15-64 years 70.20 %
65 years and over 7.90 %

Median age :

total 29.60 years
male 28.10 years
female 31.30 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.54 male(s)/female
total population 0.93 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 25.73 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 67.87 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 62.58 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 73.47 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.10 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 12 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 500

Religions :

Muslim 47.00 %
Orthodox 44.00 %
Protestant 2.00 %
other 7.00 %

Languages :

Kazakh 64.40 %
Russian 95.00 %

Literacy :

total population 99.50 %
male 99.80 %
female 99.30 %

Country name :

conventional long form Republic of Kazakhstan
conventional short form Kazakhstan
local long form Qazaqstan Respublikasy
local short form Qazaqstan
former Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 KZ
ISO Numeric 398
ISO3 KAZ
FIPS KZ
ccTLD kz
English Kazakhstan

Administrative divisions :

14 provinces (oblystar, singular - oblys) and 3 cities* (qalalar, singular - qala); Almaty Oblysy, Almaty Qalasy*, Aqmola Oblysy (Astana), Aqtobe Oblysy, Astana Qalasy*, Atyrau Oblysy, Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oral), Bayqongyr Qalasy*, Mangghystau Oblysy (Aqtau), Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Shymkent), Pavlodar Oblysy, Qaraghandy Oblysy, Qostanay Oblysy, Qyzylorda Oblysy, Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oskemen), Soltustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Petropavlovsk), Zhambyl Oblysy (Taraz)| 

Capital :

name Astana
geographic coordinates 51 10 N, 71 25 E
time difference 6.00

International organization participation :

ADB CICA
CIS CSTO
EAEC EAPC
EBRD ECO
FAO GCTU
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICRM
IDA IDB
IFAD IFC
IFRCS ILO
IMF IMO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
Interpol MIGA
NAM (observer) NSG
OAS (observer) OIC
OPCW OSCE
PFP SCO
UN UNCTAD
UNESCO UNIDO
UNWTO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO (observer)
ZC

Independence :

1991-12-16 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1991-12-16

Executive branch :

President Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV Prime Minister Karim MASIMOV

Legislative branch :

Nur-Otan 88.10 %
NSDP 4.60 %
Ak Zhol 3.30 %
Auyl 1.60 %
Communist People's Party 1.30 %
Patriots Party . 8.00 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 175 100 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 107 000 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -1.80 %
PPP - per capita 11 400 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 6.40 %
industry 38.10 %
services 55.50 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 31.50 %
industry 18.40 %
services 50.00 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 8 700 000 people
Unemployment rate 6.30 %
Population below poverty line 12.10 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 28.80
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 7.30 %
Investment (gross fixed) 31.90 % of GDP
Current account balance - 2 800 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 23 210 000 000 $
Debt external 93 210 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 3 617 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 63 630 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 31 080 000 000 $
Military expenditures 0.90 % of GDP
Public debt 14.00 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 3.30 %
highest 10% 26.50 %

Budget :

revenues 18 980 000 000 $
expenditures 22 440 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

cotton grain
livestock

Industries :

bauxite chromite
coal construction materials
copper electric motors
gold iron
iron ore lead
manganese oil
phosphates silver
steel sulfur
titanium tractors and other agricultural machinery
zinc

Energy :

Electricity Production 78 400 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 77 900 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 3 617 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 1 940 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 1 528 000 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 239 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 1 345 000 bbl/day
Oil Imports 164 000 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 30 000 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 35 610 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 33 680 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Exports 17 660 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 3 720 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 2 407 000 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

41 640 000 000 $

Partners :

China (cn) 13.40 %
Russia (ru) 11.10 %
Germany (de) 10.60 %
Italy (it) 6.90 %
Romania (ro) 6.60 %
France (fr) 5.70 %
Ukraine (ua) 5.40 %
Turkey (tr) 4.10 %

Commodities :

chemicals coal
ferrous and non-ferrous metals grain
machinery meat
oil and oil products wool

Value :

25 150 000 000 $

Commodities :

foodstuffs machinery and equipment
metal products

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 3 410 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 14 911 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 18
Television broadcast stations 12
Internet Country code (ccTLD) kz
Internet Hosts 48 873
Internet Users 2 300 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 67
Heliports 4
Pipelines - gas 11 146 km
Pipelines - oil 10 376 km
Pipelines - condensate 658 km
Pipelines - refined products 1 095 km
Roadways - total 93 612 km
Railways 15 082 km
Waterways 4 000 km

Photos

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