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Ethiopia

X

Background :

Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936-41. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A border war with Eritrea late in the 1990s ended with a peace treaty in December 2000. The Eritrea-Ethiopia Border Commission in November 2007 remotely demarcated the border by geographical coordinates, but final demarcation of the boundary on the ground is currently on hold because of Ethiopian objections to an international commission's finding requiring it to surrender territory considered sensitive to Ethiopia. 

Location :

Eastern Africa, west of Somalia 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

8 00 N, 38 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 33.00
North 14.89
East 47.99
South 3.40

Area :

total 1 104 300 square km
land 1 000 000 square km
water 104 300 square km

Land boundaries :

total 5 328 km
Djibouti (dj) 349 km
Eritrea (er) 912 km
Kenya (ke) 861 km
Somalia (so) 1 600 km
Sudan (sd) 1 606 km

Coastline :

0.00 km

Climate :

tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation 

Terrain :

high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 125 metres
highest point 4 533 metres

Land use :

arable land 10.01 %
permanent crops 0.65 %
other 89.34 %

Irrigated land :

2 900 square km

Natural hazards :

earthquakes frequent droughts
volcanic eruptions

current issues :

deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Environmental Modification
Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea
Ozone Layer Protection

Population :

85 237 338 

Indicators :

Growth rate 3.21 %
Birth rate 43.66 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 6.12 children born/woman
Death rate 11.55 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -0.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 46.10 %
15-64 years 51.20 %
65 years and over 2.70 %

Median age :

total 16.90 years
male 16.60 years
female 17.20 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.00 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.75 male(s)/female
total population 0.97 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 80.80 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 55.41 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 52.92 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 57.97 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 2.10 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 980 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 67 000

Religions :

Christian 60.80 %
Muslim 32.80 %
traditional 4.60 %
other 1.80 %

Languages :

Amarigna 32.70 %
Oromigna 31.60 %
Tigrigna 6.10 %
Somaligna 6.00 %
Guaragigna 3.50 %
Sidamigna 3.50 %
Hadiyigna 1.70 %
English  

Literacy :

total population 42.70 %
male 50.30 %
female 35.10 %

Country name :

conventional long form Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
conventional short form Ethiopia
local long form Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik
local short form Ityop'iya
former Abyssinia, Italian East Africa

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 ET
ISO Numeric 231
ISO3 ETH
FIPS ET
ccTLD et
English Ethiopia

Administrative divisions :

9 ethnically based states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela Peoples), Hareri Hizb (Harari People), Oromiya (Oromia), Sumale (Somali), Tigray, Ye Debub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples) 

Capital :

name Addis Ababa
geographic coordinates 9 02 N, 38 42 E
time difference 3.00

International organization participation :

ACP AU
AfDB COMESA
FAO G-24
G-77 IAEA
IBRD ICAO
ICRM IDA
IFAD IFC
IFRCS IGAD
ILO IMF
IMO IOC
IOM (observer) IPU
ISO ITSO
ITU ITUC
Interpol MIGA
MINURCAT NAM
OPCW PCA
UN UNAMID
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNHCR UNIDO
UNMIL UNOCI
UNWTO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO (observer)

National holiday :

National Day

1991-05-28

Executive branch :

President GIRMA Woldegiorgis Prime Minister MELES Zenawi

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 75 910 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 33 920 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 6.80 %
PPP - per capita 900 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 43.80 %
industry 13.20 %
services 43.00 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 85.00 %
industry 5.00 %
services 10.00 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 37 900 000 people
Population below poverty line 38.70 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 30.00
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 11.00 %
Investment (gross fixed) 23.10 % of GDP
Current account balance - 2 165 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 1 212 000 000 $
Debt external 4 229 000 000 $
Military expenditures 3.00 % of GDP
Public debt 31.70 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 4.10 %
highest 10% 25.60 %

Budget :

revenues 4 678 000 000 $
expenditures 5 360 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

cattle cereals
coffee cotton
cut flowers fish
goats hides
oilseed potatoes
pulses qat
sheep sugarcane

Industries :

beverages cement
chemicals food processing
leather metals processing
textiles

Energy :

Electricity Production 3 460 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 3 130 000 000 kWh
Oil Consumption 37 000 bbl/day
Oil Imports 33 590 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 430 000 bbl
Electricity Exports 24 920 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

1 608 000 000 $

Commodities :

coffee gold
leather products live animals
oilseeds qat

Value :

7 315 000 000 $

Commodities :

cereals chemicals
food and live animals machinery
motor vehicles petroleum and petroleum products
textiles

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 908 900
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 3 168 000
Television broadcast stations 1
Internet Country code (ccTLD) et
Internet Hosts 136
Internet Users 360 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 17
Roadways - total 36 469 km
Roadways - paved 6 980 km
Roadways - unpaved 29 489 km
Railways 681 km

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