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Sudan

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Background :

Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than four million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than two million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years. After which, a referendum for independence is scheduled to be held. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly two million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took command of the Darfur peacekeeping operation from the African Union on 31 December 2007. As of early 2009, peacekeeping troops were struggling to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope, and has brought instability to eastern Chad. Sudan also has faced large refugee influxes from neighboring countries, primarily Ethiopia and Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of government support have chronically obstructed the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected populations. 

Location :

Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

15 00 N, 30 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 21.84
North 23.15
East 38.58
South 3.49

Area :

total 2 505 813 square km
land 2 376 000 square km
water 129 813 square km

Land boundaries :

total 7 687 km
Central African Republic (cf) 1 165 km
Chad (td) 1 360 km
Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km
Egypt (eg) 1 273 km
Eritrea (er) 605 km
Ethiopia (et) 1 606 km
Kenya (ke) 232 km
Libya (ly) 383 km
Uganda (ug) 435 km

Coastline :

853.00 km

Climate :

tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November) 

Terrain :

generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in far south, northeast and west; desert dominates the north 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 3 187 metres

Land use :

arable land 6.78 %
permanent crops 0.17 %
other 93.05 %

Irrigated land :

18 630 square km

Natural hazards :

dust storms periodic droughts

current issues :

inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Hazardous Wastes
Law of the Sea Ozone Layer Protection
Wetlands

Population :

41 087 825 

Indicators :

Growth rate 2.14 %
Birth rate 33.74 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 4.48 children born/woman
Death rate 12.94 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate 0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 40.70 %
15-64 years 56.80 %
65 years and over 2.50 %

Median age :

total 19.10 years
male 18.90 years
female 19.20 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over 1.07 male(s)/female
total population 1.03 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 82.43 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 51.42 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 50.49 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 52.40 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 1.40 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 320 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 25 000

Religions :

Sunni Muslim 70.00 %
Christian 5.00 %
indigenous beliefs 25.00 %

Languages :

Arabic  
English  
Nubian  
Ta Bedawie  
Nilotic  
Nilo-Hamitic  
Sudanic|  

Literacy :

total population 61.10 %
male 71.80 %
female 50.50 %

Country name :

conventional long form Republic of the Sudan
conventional short form Sudan
local long form Jumhuriyat as-Sudan
local short form As-Sudan
former Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 SD
ISO Numeric 736
ISO3 SDN
FIPS SU
ccTLD sd
English Sudan

Administrative divisions :

25 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); A'ali an Nil (Upper Nile), Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrat (Lakes), Al Jazira (Gezira), Al Khartoum (Khartoum), Al Qadarif (Gedaref), Al Wahda (Unity), An Nil al Abyad (White Nile), An Nil al Azraq (Blue Nile), Ash Shimaliyya (Northern), Bahr al Jabal (Central Equatoria), Gharb al Istiwa'iyya (Western Equatoria), Gharb Bahr al Ghazal (Western Bahr el Ghazal), Gharb Darfur (Western Darfur), Janub Darfur (Southern Darfur), Janub Kurdufan (Southern Kordofan), Junqoley (Jonglei), Kassala (Kassala), Nahr an Nil (River Nile), Shimal Bahr al Ghazal (Northern Bahr el Ghazal), Shimal Darfur (Northern Darfur), Shimal Kurdufan (Northern Kordofan), Sharq al Istiwa'iyya (Eastern Equatoria), Sinnar (Sinnar), Warab (Warab) 

Capital :

name Khartoum
geographic coordinates 15 36 N, 32 32 E
time difference 3.00

International organization participation :

ABEDA ACP
AFESD AMF
AU AfDB
CAEU COMESA
FAO G-77
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICCt (signatory)
ICRM IDA
IDB IFAD
IFC IFRCS
IGAD ILO
IMF IMO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
Interpol LAS
MIGA NAM
OIC OPCW
PCA UN
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNHCR UNIDO
UNWTO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO (observer)

Independence :

1956-01-01 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1956-01-01

Executive branch :

President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 92 830 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 54 290 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 3.80 %
PPP - per capita 2 300 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 32.60 %
industry 29.20 %
services 38.20 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 80.00 %
industry 7.00 %
services 13.00 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 11 920 000 people
Unemployment rate 18.70 %
Population below poverty line 40.00 %
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 12.30 %
Investment (gross fixed) 20.60 % of GDP
Current account balance - 2 739 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 769 000 000 $
Debt external 36 270 000 000 $
Military expenditures 3.00 % of GDP
Public debt 104.50 % of GDP

Budget :

revenues 9 046 000 000 $
expenditures 10 830 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

bananas cassava
cotton gum arabic
livestock mangoes
millet papayas
peanuts sesame
sheep sorghum
sugarcane sweet potatoes
wheat

Industries :

armaments automobiles
cement cotton ginning
edible oils oil
petroleum refining pharmaceuticals
shoes soap distilling
sugar textiles
truck assembly

Energy :

Electricity Production 4 341 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 3 438 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 480 200 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 86 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 303 800 bbl/day
Oil Imports 11 400 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 5 000 000 000 bbl
Electricity Exports 84 950 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

8 464 000 000 $

Commodities :

cotton groundnuts (peanuts)
gum arabic livestock
oil and petroleum products sesame
sugar

Value :

6 823 000 000 $

Partners :

China (cn) 20.30 %
Saudi Arabia (sa) 8.50 %
UAE 6.30 %
Egypt (eg) 5.60 %
India (in) 5.10 %
Italy (it) 4.10 %

Commodities :

foodstuffs manufactured products
medicines and chemicals refinery and transportation equipment
textiles wheat

Currency-name :

Sudanese pounds 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 356 100
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 11 186 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 1
Television broadcast stations 3
Internet Country code (ccTLD) sd
Internet Hosts 48
Internet Users 4 200 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 19
Heliports 4
Pipelines - gas 156 km
Pipelines - oil 4 070 km
Pipelines - refined products 1 613 km
Roadways - total 11 900 km
Roadways - paved 4 320 km
Roadways - unpaved 7 580 km
Railways 5 978 km
Waterways 4 068 km

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