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Seychelles

Africa • Countries •
Seychelles - Panoramic Places of Interest Atlas including Aldabra Atoll, Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve, Mission Lodge (Venn's Town), Victoria Clocktower, L'Union Estate, Seychelles Natural History Museum, Domaine de Val des Prés, Curieuse Island, Sir Selwyn Selwyn-Clarke Market, Silhouette Island, Sainte Anne Marine National Park, Arul Mihu Navasakthi Vinayagar Temple, Seychelles National Botanical Gardens, Bicentennial Monument, Kenwyn House, Michael Adams Art Studio

Top Sights & Landmarks

01

Aldabra Atoll

Untouched Coral Atoll

02

Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve

The Garden of Eden

03

Mission Lodge (Venn's Town)

Historic Liberated Slave Sanctuary

04

Victoria Clocktower

The Heart of Victoria

05

L'Union Estate

Colonial Plantation Life

06

Seychelles Natural History Museum

Guardian of Island Ecology

07

Domaine de Val des Prés

Traditional Creole Craft Village

08

Curieuse Island

Leper Colony turned Tortoise Sanctuary

09

Sir Selwyn Selwyn-Clarke Market

Bustling Heart of Creole Culture

10

Silhouette Island

Pirate Legends and Plantation Wealth

11

Sainte Anne Marine National Park

Site of the First Settlement

12

Arul Mihu Navasakthi Vinayagar Temple

Vibrant Hindu Heritage

13

Seychelles National Botanical Gardens

Centuries of Botanical History

14

Bicentennial Monument

Symbol of Three Continents

15

Kenwyn House

Pristine French Colonial Architecture

16

Michael Adams Art Studio

Colors of the Jungle

Background

Seychelles was uninhabited before Europeans discovered the islands early in the 16th century. After a lengthy struggle, France eventually ceded control of the islands to Great Britain in 1814. During colonial rule, a plantation-based economy developed that relied on imported labor, primarily from European colonies in Africa. Seychelles gained independence in 1976 through negotiations with Great Britain. In 1977, Prime Minister France-Albert RENE launched a coup against the country’s first president, and Seychelles became a socialist one-party state until adopting a new constitution and holding elections in 1993. RENE continued to lead Seychelles through two election cycles until he stepped down in 2004. Vice President James Alix MICHEL took over the presidency and in 2006 was elected to a new five-year term; he was reelected in 2011 and again in 2015. In 2016, James MICHEL resigned and handed over the presidency to his vice-president, Danny FAURE. In 2020, Wavel RAMKALAWAN was elected president, the first time an opposition candidate has won the presidency.

Location

Latitude
-4.5833° N
Longitude
55.6667° E
N S W E
World Map Location
Geographic Location

archipelago in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar

Map Reference
Africa

Area

Total Area
455 sq km
Land (100%)
Land: 455 sq km
Water: 0 sq km

Elevation

Highest Point
Morne Seychellois
Morne Seychellois 905 m
Lowest Point
Indian Ocean
Indian Ocean 0 m

Detailed Geography Information

Coastline

491 km

Geography - note

the smallest African country in terms of both area and population; the constitution of the Republic of Seychelles lists 155 islands, including 42 granitic and 113 coralline; the largest island by far is Mahe, which is home to about 90% of the population and is the site of the capital city of Victoria

Irrigated land

3 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

total: 0 km

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Natural hazards

lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; occasional short droughts

Natural resources

fishcoconutscinnamon trees

Terrain

Mahe Group is volcanic with a narrow coastal strip and rocky, hilly interior; others are relatively flat coral atolls, or elevated reefs; sits atop the submarine Mascarene Plateau

Population & Growth

+0.50% Growth
98,724
Total inhabitants (2025 est.)
Male: 52.0% (51,290) Female: 48.0% (47,434)

Age Distribution

0-14 years
17.7%
~17,474
15-64 years
72.4%
~71,476
65 years
10.0%
~9,872
Note: 2024 est.

Demographic Longevity

Median Age
39.2 years
Male
38.2 yrs
Female
39.4 yrs
Life Expectancy
76.6 years
Male
72.2 yrs
Female
81.1 yrs

Vital Dynamics

Birth Rate
11.59
births per 1,000 people
Death Rate
7.02
deaths per 1,000 people
Net Migration
+0.71
migrants per 1,000 people
Fertility Rate
1.8
children born per woman

Detailed People & Society Information

Alcohol consumption per capita

9.48 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

44.6% (2022 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 38.7 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 24.1 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 14.6 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 6.9 (2025 est.)

Education expenditure

4.5%

4.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 10.7% national budget (2025 est.)

Ethnic groups

Gross reproduction rate

0.89 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

5.3%

5.3% of GDP (2021) 10.2% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

3.2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 10 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 12.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Seychellois Creole
89.1%
English
5.1%
French
0.7%
other
3.8%
unspecified
1.4%

Major urban areas - population

28,000 VICTORIA (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio

42 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Nationality

noun: Seychellois (singular and plural) adjective: Seychellois

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

14% (2016)

Physician density

2.25 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Population distribution

more than three quarters of the population lives on the main island of Mahe; Praslin is home to less than 10%, and a smaller percentage is on La Digue and the outer islands, as shown in this population distribution map

Religions

Roman Catholic
76.2%
Protestant (Anglican
10.5%
Pentecostal Assembly
1.5%
Seventh Day Adventist
1.2%
other Protestant
1.7%
other Christian
2.4%
Hindu
2.4%
Muslim
1.6%
other non-Christian
1.1%
unspecified
4.8%
none
0.9%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 13 years (2023 est.) male: 13 years (2023 est.) female: 15 years (2023 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.14 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 20.5% (2025 est.) male: 34.2% (2025 est.) female: 5.2% (2025 est.)

Climate & Issues

Climate Profile

tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)

Key Environmental Issues
limited freshwater resources water pollution biodiversity

Land Cover

Coverage Distribution
Forest (59%)
Other (38%)
Arable: 0.3%
Crops: 3.0%
Pasture: 0.0%
Forest: 58.6%

Air & Carbon Emissions

Annual CO2 Output 2023 est.
893,000
Coal (0%) Oil (100%) Gas (0%)
PM2.5 Exposure 17.4 µg/m³
0 5 (WHO Limit) 15 25 35+

Water Resources & Use

Annual Water Withdrawal
municipal: 9 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Municipal (66%) Ind (28%) Agri (7%)

Detailed Environmental Information

International environmental agreements

BiodiversityClimate ChangeClimate Change-Kyoto ProtocolClimate Change-Paris AgreementComprehensive Nuclear Test BanDesertificationEndangered SpeciesHazardous WastesLaw of the SeaMarine Dumping-London ConventionNuclear Test BanOzone Layer ProtectionShip PollutionWetlands

Urbanization

urban population: 58.8% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 48,000 tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 24.4% (2022 est.)

Capital & State Profile

Capital City
Victoria
-4.6167° N, 55.45° E
Timezone UTC+4
Government Type
presidential republic
Independence 1976-06-29
National Holiday 06-18

Executive Branch

Chief of State
President Patrick HERMINIE (since 26 October 2025)
Head of Government
President Patrick HERMINIE (since 26 October 2025)
Last Election 9 October 2025
Next Election 2030
Cabinet Council of Ministers appointed by the president

Legislative Branch

unicameral
Legislature Name National Assembly
Seats & Term
34 (all directly elected) seats / 5 years
Women in Chamber
26.5% Representation
Electoral System mixed system
Parties Composition
United Seychelles (US) 19Seychelles Democratic Alliance (Linyon Demokratik Seselwa, LDS) 15

National Identity & Symbols

National Flag Description

five expanding bands of blue, yellow, red, white, and green, radiating from the bottom left corner

Symbolic Meaning the bands symbolize a dynamic new country moving into the future; blue stands for the sky and sea, yellow for the sun giving light and life, red for the people's determination to work for the future in unity and love, white for social justice and harmony, and green for the land and natural environment
National Symbol coco de mer (sea coconut)
National Colors blue, yellow, red, white, green
National Anthem Koste Seselwa (Seychellois Unite)

Detailed Government Information

Administrative divisions

27 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Royale, Au Cap, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand Anse Mahe, Grand Anse Praslin, Ile Persévérance I, Ile Persévérance II, La Digue, La Rivière Anglaise, Les Mamelles, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe Larue, Port Glaud, Roche Caiman, Saint Louis, Takamaka

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the Seychelles dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Constitution

history: previous 1970, 1979; latest drafted May 1993, approved by referendum 18 June 1993, effective 23 June 1993 amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting the country’s sovereignty, symbols and languages, the supremacy of the constitution, fundamental rights and freedoms, amendment procedures, and dissolution of the Assembly also requires approval by at least 60% of voters in a referendum

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Seychelles conventional short form: Seychelles local long form: Republic of Seychelles local short form: Seychelles etymology: named by French Captain Corneille Nicholas MORPHEY after Jean Moreau de SÉCHELLES, the finance minister of France, in 1756; the British changed the spelling of the name in 1815 when they acquired the islands

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Seychelles Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 4 justices); Supreme Court of Seychelles (consists of the chief justice and 9 puisne judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 3 Supreme Court judges) judge selection and term of office: all judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the Constitutional Appointments Authority, a 3-member body, with 1 member appointed by the president of the republic, 1 by the opposition leader in the National Assembly, and 1 by the other 2 appointees; judges serve until retirement at age 70 subordinate courts: Magistrates' Courts of Seychelles; Family Tribunal for issues such as domestic violence, child custody, and maintenance; Employment Tribunal for labor-related disputes

Legal system

mixed system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 2 (both natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Aldabra Atoll; Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve

Political parties

Seychelles Party for Social Justice and Democracy or SPSJD Seychellois Democratic Alliance or LDS (Linyon Demokratik Seselwa/Union Démocratique Seychelloise) Seychelles National Party or SNP United Seychelles or US

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Economic Overview

high-income Indian Ocean island economy; rapidly growing tourism sector; major tuna exporter; offshore financial hub; environmentally fragile and investing in ocean rise mitigation; recently discovered offshore oil potential; successful anticorruption efforts

Size & Performance

Real GDP (PPP)
$3.549 billion
Latest available estimate (2024)
2023: $3.43 billion2022: $3.354 billion
Real GDP Growth
3.5% (2024 est.)
+3.5%
GDP Per Capita (PPP)
$29,200
2023: $28,6002022: $28,000

GDP Sector Breakdown

Agriculture: 2.5%Industry: 12.3%Services: 65.8%
Origin GDP %
Agriculture 2.5%
Industry 12.3%
Services 65.8%

Trade Balance

Trade Position
Trade Deficit
$62.00 million
Total Exports
$2.375 billion (2023 est.)
Total Imports
$2.437 billion (2023 est.)
Exports (49%) Imports (51%)

Budget Balance

Budget Position
Budget Deficit
-$32.20 million
Revenues
$695.973 million (2023 est.)
Expenditures
$728.171 million (2023 est.)
Revenues (49%) Expenditures (51%)

Export Profile

Top Export Partners

20.0%
9.0%
8.0%
8.0%
Note: 2023; top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Major Export Commodities

fishscrap ironanimal mealbroadcasting equipmentships

Import Profile

Top Import Partners

Note: 2023; top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Major Import Commodities

refined petroleumfishshipscarsplastic products

Labor & Employment

Population Below Poverty Line 25.3% (2018 est.)

Income Inequality

Gini Coefficient (Family Income) 32.1
0 (Perfect Equality) Moderate Inequality 100 (Perfect Inequality)

Family Income / Consumption Share

Lowest 10%: 2.6% (2018 est.) Highest 10%: 23.9% (2018 est.)
Inequality Gap: Top 10% holds 9.2x the share of the bottom 10%.

Detailed Economic Data

Agricultural products

coconutsvegetablesbananaseggschickenporkfruitstomatoestropical fruitscassava

Current account balance

-$155.194 million (2023 est.) -$141.648 million (2022 est.) -$160.168 million (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exchange rates

Seychelles rupees (SCR) per US dollar - Exchange rates: 14.53 (2024 est.) 14.018 (2023 est.) 14.273 (2022 est.) 16.921 (2021 est.) 17.617 (2020 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use

Industrial production growth rate

-6.4% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

fishingtourismbeverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.3% (2024 est.) -1% (2023 est.) 2.6% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Public debt

63.6% of GDP (2017 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Remittances

0.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.5% of GDP (2022 est.) 0.6% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$773.678 million (2024 est.) $682.794 million (2023 est.) $638.961 million (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues

26.18% (of GDP) (2020 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Grid Infrastructure

Electricity Access 100%
Capacity 156,000 kW (2023 est.)
Consumption 581.227 million kWh (2023 est.)
Grid Losses: 44.034 million kWh (2023 est.)

Generation Mix

Percentage Share of Production
fossil fuels 86.4%
solar 12.7%
wind 1%

Fossil Fuels Production

Petroleum
Consumption 6,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Coal
Imports 500 metric tons (2023 est.)

Intensity & Nuclear

Energy Consumption Per Capita 98.847 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
No nuclear energy infrastructure or reactor operations reported in this country dossier.

Digital Access

.sc
Internet Usage 87%

Active internet users as a percentage of the total population.

Fixed Broadband

Penetration Rate 31 / 100
Total Subscriptions 39,000 (2023 est.)

Mobile Cellular

Penetration Rate 126 / 100
Total Subscriptions 164,000 (2024 est.)

Broadcast Media

state-run national broadcaster Seychelles Broadcasting Corporation (SBC) has the only terrestrial TV station, which also airs broadcasts from international services; privately owned Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) channel; multi-channel cable and satellite TV available through 2 providers; SBC operates 1 AM and 1 FM radio station; 2 privately operated radio stations; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters available in Victoria (2019)

Aviation

S7
Airports
16
As of 2025
Heliports
6
As of 2025

Ports & Harbors

Ports Count 1
Hover for breakdown & key ports As of 2024

Merchant Marine

Commercial Fleet
30 ships
Hover for vessel types breakdown As of 2023

Military Expenditures

GDP Allocation 1.5%
1.5% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.6% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.4% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

Active Duty Strengths

approximately 500 active Defense Forces (2025)

Refers to active military personnel.

Service & Defense Details

Military and security forces

Seychelles People's Defense Forces (SPDF; aka Seychelles Defense Forces, SDF): Army (includes infantry, special forces, and a presidential security unit), Coast Guard, and Air Force Ministry of Internal Affairs: Seychelles Police Force (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the SDF is lightly armed; its inventory consists of obsolescent armaments delivered in the 1970s and 1980s and some more recently donated equipment from Bahrain, China, India, and UAE (2025)

Military - note

formed in 1977, the SDF is one of the World's smallest militaries; its primary responsibility is maritime security, including countering illegal fishing, piracy, and drug smuggling; it was given police powers in 2022; the Seychelles maintains close security ties with India, which has provided support to the SDF's maritime security operations (2025)

Military service age and obligation

18-35 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2026)