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Brazil

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Background :

Following more than three centuries under Portuguese rule, Brazil gained its independence in 1822, maintaining a monarchical system of government until the abolition of slavery in 1888 and the subsequent proclamation of a republic by the military in 1889. Brazilian coffee exporters politically dominated the country until populist leader Getulio VARGAS rose to power in 1930. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil underwent more than half a century of populist and military government until 1985, when the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers. Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, it is today South America's leading economic power and a regional leader. Highly unequal income distribution and crime remain pressing problems. 

Location :

Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

10 00 S, 55 00 W  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West -73.99
North 5.26
East -32.39
South -33.75

Area :

total 8 514 877 square km
land 8 459 417 square km
water 55 460 square km

Land boundaries :

total 16 885 km
Argentina (ar) 1 261 km
Bolivia (bo) 3 423 km
Colombia (co) 1 644 km
French Guiana 730 km
Guyana (gy) 1 606 km
Paraguay (py) 1 365 km
Peru (pe) 2 995 km
Suriname (sr) 593 km
Uruguay (uy) 1 068 km
Venezuela (ve) 2 200 km

Coastline :

7491.00 km

Climate :

mostly tropical, but temperate in south 

Terrain :

mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 2 994 metres

Natural resources :

bauxite gold
hydropower iron ore
manganese nickel
petroleum phosphates
platinum timber
tin uranium

Land use :

arable land 6.93 %
permanent crops 0.89 %
other 92.18 %

Irrigated land :

29 200 square km

Natural hazards :

droughts floods

current issues :

deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; there is a lucrative illegal wildlife trade; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills 

international agreements :

Antarctic Seals Antarctic Treaty
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol Antarctic-Marine Living Resources
Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Environmental Modification
Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea
Marine Dumping Ozone Layer Protection
Ship Pollution Tropical Timber 83
Tropical Timber 94 Wetlands
Whaling

Population :

198 739 269 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.20 %
Birth rate 18.43 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 2.21 children born/woman
Death rate 6.35 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -0.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 26.70 %
15-64 years 66.80 %
65 years and over 6.40 %

Median age :

total 28.60 years
male 27.80 years
female 29.30 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.73 male(s)/female
total population 0.98 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 22.58 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 71.99 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 68.43 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 75.73 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.60 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 730 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 15 000

Religions :

Roman Catholic 73.60 %
Protestant 15.40 %
Spiritualist 1.30 %
Bantu 0.30 %
other 1.80 %
unspecified 0.20 %
none 7.40 %

Languages :

Portuguese  
Spanish  
German  
Italian  
Japanese  
English  
Amerindian  

Literacy :

total population 88.60 %
male 88.40 %
female 88.80 %

Country name :

conventional long form Federative Republic of Brazil
conventional short form Brazil
local long form Republica Federativa do Brasil
local short form Brasil

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 BR
ISO Numeric 76
ISO3 BRA
FIPS BR
ccTLD br
English Brazil

Administrative divisions :

26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins 

Capital :

name Brasilia
geographic coordinates 15 47 S, 47 55 W
time difference -3.00
daylight saving time 1

International organization participation :

AfDB (nonregional member) BIS
CAN (associate) CPLP
FAO FATF
G-15 G-20
G-24 G-77
IADB IAEA
IBRD ICAO
ICC ICCt
ICRM IDA
IFAD IFC
IFRCS IHO
ILO IMF
IMO IMSO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
ITUC Interpol
LAES LAIA
LAS (observer) MIGA
MINURCAT MINURSO
MINUSTAH Mercosur
NAM (observer) NSG
OAS OPANAL
OPCW PCA
Paris Club (associate) RG
SICA (observer) UN
UN Security Council (temporary) UNASUR
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNFICYP UNHCR
UNIDO UNITAR
UNMIL UNMIS
UNMIT UNOCI
UNWTO UPU
Union Latina WCO
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO

Independence :

1822-09-07 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1822-09-07

Executive branch :

President Luiz Inacio LULA da Silva

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 2 024 000 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 1 482 000 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 0.10 %
PPP - per capita 10 200 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 6.50 %
industry 25.80 %
services 67.70 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 20.00 %
industry 14.00 %
services 66.00 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 95 210 000 people
Unemployment rate 7.40 %
Population below poverty line 26.00 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 56.70
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4.20 %
Investment (gross fixed) 17.00 % of GDP
Current account balance - 11 280 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 238 000 000 000 $
Debt external 216 100 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 124 300 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 318 500 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 589 400 000 000 $
Military expenditures 2.60 % of GDP
Public debt 46.80 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 1.10 %
highest 10% 43.00 %

Agriculture - products :

beef citrus
cocoa coffee
corn rice
soya sugarcane
wheat

Industries :

aircraft cement
chemicals iron ore
motor vehicles and parts other machinery and equipment
shoes steel
textiles timber
tin

Energy :

Electricity Production 438 800 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 404 300 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 2 033 999 999 kWh
Electricity Imports 42 060 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 2 422 000 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 2 520 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 570 100 bbl/day
Oil Imports 632 900 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 12 620 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 12 620 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 23 650 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 11 030 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 365 000 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

158 900 000 000 $

Commodities :

automobiles coffee
footwear iron ore
soybeans transportation equipment

Value :

136 000 000 000 $

Commodities :

automotive parts chemical products
electrical and transportation equipment electronics
machinery oil

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 41 141 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 150 641 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 296
Television broadcast stations 138
Internet Country code (ccTLD) br
Internet Hosts 15 929 000
Internet Users 64 947 999

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 721
Heliports 13
Pipelines - gas 62 km
Pipelines - oil 4 517 km
Pipelines - refined products 4 465 km
Pipelines - liquid petroleum gas 353 km
Roadways - total 1 751 868 km
Roadways - paved 96 353 km
Roadways - unpaved 1 655 515 km
Railways 28 857 km
Waterways 50 000 km

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