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Colombia

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Background :

Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Ecuador and Venezuela). A four-decade long conflict between government forces and anti-government insurgent groups, principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) heavily funded by the drug trade, escalated during the 1990s. The insurgents lack the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the government and violence has been decreasing since about 2002, but insurgents continue attacks against civilians and large areas of the countryside are under guerrilla influence or are contested by security forces. More than 31,000 former paramilitaries had demobilized by the end of 2006 and the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) as a formal organization had ceased to function. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization, emerging criminal groups arose, whose members include some former paramilitaries. The Colombian Government has stepped up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, and now has a presence in every one of its administrative departments. However, neighboring countries worry about the violence spilling over their borders. 

Location :

Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

4 00 N, 72 00 W  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West -81.73
North 13.38
East -66.87
South -4.23

Area :

total 1 138 914 square km
land 1 109 104 square km
water 100 210 square km

Land boundaries :

total 6 309 km
Brazil (br) 1 644 km
Ecuador (ec) 590 km
Panama (pa) 225 km
Peru (pe) 1 800 km
Venezuela (ve) 2 050 km

Coastline :

3208.00 km

Climate :

tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands 

Terrain :

flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 5 775 metres

Natural resources :

coal copper
emeralds gold
hydropower iron ore
natural gas nickel
petroleum

Land use :

arable land 2.01 %
permanent crops 1.37 %
other 96.62 %

Irrigated land :

9 000 square km

Natural hazards :

earthquakes periodic droughts
volcanic eruptions

current issues :

deforestation; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions 

international agreements :

Antarctic Treaty Biodiversity
Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Desertification Endangered Species
Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea
Marine Life Conservation Ozone Layer Protection
Ship Pollution Tropical Timber 83
Tropical Timber 94 Wetlands

Population :

43 677 372 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.22 %
Birth rate 18.09 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 2.22 children born/woman
Death rate 5.22 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -0.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 27.70 %
15-64 years 66.40 %
65 years and over 5.80 %

Median age :

total 27.10 years
male 26.10 years
female 28.00 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.75 male(s)/female
total population 0.96 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 17.37 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 74.07 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 70.69 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 77.64 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.60 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 170 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 9 800

Religions :

Roman Catholic 90.00 %
other 10.00 %

Languages :

Spanish  

Literacy :

total population 90.40 %
male 90.10 %
female 90.70 %

Country name :

conventional long form Republic of Colombia
conventional short form Colombia
local long form Republica de Colombia
local short form Colombia

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 CO
ISO Numeric 170
ISO3 COL
FIPS CO
ccTLD co
English Colombia

Administrative divisions :

32 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres y Providencia, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada 

Capital :

name Bogota
geographic coordinates 4 36 N, 74 05 W
time difference -5.00

International organization participation :

BCIE CAN
CDB Caricom (observer)
FAO G-24
G-3 G-77
IADB IAEA
IBRD ICAO
ICC ICCt
ICRM IDA
IFAD IFC
IFRCS IHO
ILO IMF
IMO IMSO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
ITUC Interpol
LAES LAIA
MIGA Mercosur (associate)
NAM OAS
OPANAL OPCW
PCA RG
UN UNASUR
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNHCR UNIDO
UNWTO UPU
Union Latina WCO
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO

Independence :

1810-07-20 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1810-07-20

Executive branch :

President Alvaro URIBE Velez

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 400 300 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 228 600 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -0.10 %
PPP - per capita 9 200 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 9.10 %
industry 38.20 %
services 52.80 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 22.40 %
industry 18.80 %
services 58.80 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 20 030 000 people
Unemployment rate 12.00 %
Population below poverty line 49.20 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 56.20
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.00 %
Investment (gross fixed) 23.20 % of GDP
Current account balance - 7 136 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 24 840 000 000 $
Debt external 47 330 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 15 680 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 75 990 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 87 030 000 000 $
Military expenditures 3.40 % of GDP
Public debt 46.10 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 0.80 %
highest 10% 45.00 %

Budget :

revenues 72 160 000 000 $
expenditures 79 000 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

bananas cocoa beans
coffee corn
cut flowers forest
oilseed rice
shrimp sugarcane
tobacco vegetables

Industries :

beverages cement
chemicals clothing
coal emeralds
food processing footwear
gold oil
textiles

Energy :

Electricity Production 50 580 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 38 590 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 876 700 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 39 400 000 kWh
Oil Production 600 600 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 291 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 294 000 bbl/day
Oil Imports 16 540 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 1 355 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 9 000 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 8 100 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Exports 900 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 105 900 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

31 340 000 000 $

Partners :

United States (us) 38.00 %
Venezuela (ve) 16.20 %
Ecuzador 4.00 %

Commodities :

apparel bananas
coal coffee
crude oil cut flowers
emeralds nickel

Value :

31 670 000 000 $

Commodities :

chemicals consumer products
electricity fuels
industrial equipment paper products
transportation equipment

Currency-name :

Colombian peso 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 6 820 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 41 365 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 34
Television broadcast stations 60
Internet Country code (ccTLD) co
Internet Hosts 2 217 000
Internet Users 17 117 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 116
Heliports 2
Pipelines - gas 4 567 km
Pipelines - oil 6 097 km
Pipelines - refined products 3 382 km
Roadways - total 164 257 km
Railways 3 802 km
Waterways 18 000 km

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