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Ecuador

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Background :

What is now Ecuador formed part of the northern Inca Empire until the Spanish conquest in 1533. Quito became a seat of Spanish colonial government in 1563 and part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1717. The territories of the Viceroyalty - New Granada (Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito - gained their independence between 1819 and 1822 and formed a federation known as Gran Colombia. When Quito withdrew in 1830, the traditional name was changed in favor of the "Republic of the Equator." Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. Although Ecuador marked 25 years of civilian governance in 2004, the period has been marred by political instability. Protests in Quito have contributed to the mid-term ouster of Ecuador's last three democratically elected Presidents. In September 2008, voters approved a new constitution; Ecuador's twentieth since gaining independence. General elections, under the new constitutional framework, were held in April 2009. 

Location :

Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

2 00 S, 77 30 W  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West -91.66
North 1.42
East -75.18
South -5.00

Area :

total 283 561 square km
land 276 841 square km
water 6 720 square km

Land boundaries :

total 2 010 km
Colombia (co) 590 km
Peru (pe) 1 420 km

Coastline :

2237.00 km

Climate :

tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands 

Terrain :

coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente) 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 6 267 metres

Natural resources :

fish hydropower
petroleum timber

Land use :

arable land 5.71 %
permanent crops 4.81 %
other 89.48 %

Irrigated land :

8 650 square km

Natural hazards :

floods frequent earthquakes
lides periodic droughts
volcanic activity

current issues :

deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands 

international agreements :

Antarctic Treaty Antarctic-Environmental Protocol
Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Hazardous Wastes
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Tropical Timber 83 Tropical Timber 94
Wetlands

Population :

14 573 101 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.50 %
Birth rate 20.77 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 2.51 children born/woman
Death rate 4.99 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -0.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 31.10 %
15-64 years 62.70 %
65 years and over 6.20 %

Median age :

total 25.00 years
male 24.40 years
female 25.60 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.93 male(s)/female
total population 0.99 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 20.90 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 75.30 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 72.37 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 78.37 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.30 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 26 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 1 400

Religions :

Roman Catholic 95.00 %
other 5.00 %

Languages :

Spanish  
Amerindian  

Literacy :

total population 91.00 %
male 92.30 %
female 89.70 %

Country name :

conventional long form Republic of Ecuador
conventional short form Ecuador
local long form Republica del Ecuador
local short form Ecuador

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 EC
ISO Numeric 218
ISO3 ECU
FIPS EC
ccTLD ec
English Ecuador

Administrative divisions :

24 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe 

Capital :

name Quito
geographic coordinates 0 13 S, 78 30 W
time difference -5.00

International organization participation :

CAN FAO
G-77 IADB
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICCt ICRM
IDA IFAD
IFC IFRCS
IHO ILO
IMF IMO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
ITUC Interpol
LAES LAIA
MIGA MINUSTAH
Mercosur (associate) NAM
OAS OPANAL
OPCW OPEC
PCA RG
UN UNASUR
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNHCR UNIDO
UNMIL UNMIS
UNOCI UNWTO
UPU Union Latina
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO

Independence :

1822-05-24 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1809-08-10

Executive branch :

President Rafael CORREA Delgado

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 107 100 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 55 610 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -2.00 %
PPP - per capita 7 300 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 6.80 %
industry 35.70 %
services 57.60 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 8.30 %
industry 21.20 %
services 70.40 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 4 770 000 people
Unemployment rate 9.80 %
Population below poverty line 38.30 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 46.00
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5.40 %
Investment (gross fixed) 22.30 % of GDP
Current account balance - 1 030 999 999 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 3 511 000 000 $
Debt external 13 310 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 8 487 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 17 140 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 4 562 000 000 $
Military expenditures 2.80 % of GDP
Public debt 32.30 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 1.20 %
highest 10% 43.30 %

Budget :

revenues 15 680 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

balsa wood bananas
beef cassava
cattle cocoa
coffee dairy
fish pigs
plantains pork
potatoes rice
sheep shrimp
sugarcane

Industries :

chemicals food processing
petroleum textiles
wood products

Energy :

Electricity Production 16 750 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 9 888 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 38 530 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 861 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 505 100 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 178 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 417 000 bbl/day
Oil Imports 54 190 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 4 660 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 260 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 260 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 8 919 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

13 630 000 000 $

Commodities :

bananas cacao
coffee crude oil
cut flowers fish
hemp shrimp
wood

Value :

14 230 000 000 $

Commodities :

consumer products fuels and lubricants
industrial materials

Currency-name :

US dollar 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 1 910 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 11 595 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 35
Television broadcast stations 7
Internet Country code (ccTLD) ec
Internet Hosts 57 785
Internet Users 1 310 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 103
Heliports 2
Pipelines - gas 5 km
Pipelines - oil 1 374 km
Pipelines - refined products 1 301 km
Roadways - total 43 670 km
Roadways - paved 6 472 km
Roadways - unpaved 37 198 km
Railways 965 km
Waterways 1 500 km

Photos

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