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Venezuela

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Background :

Venezuela was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Ecuador and New Granada, which became Colombia). For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959. Hugo CHAVEZ, president since 1999, seeks to implement his "21st Century Socialism," which purports to alleviate social ills while at the same time attacking capitalist globalization and existing democratic institutions. Current concerns include: a weakening of democratic institutions, political polarization, a politicized military, drug-related violence along the Colombian border, increasing internal drug consumption, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, and irresponsible mining operations that are endangering the rain forest and indigenous peoples. 

Location :

Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

8 00 N, 66 00 W  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West -73.35
North 12.20
East -59.80
South 0.63

Area :

total 912 050 square km
land 882 050 square km
water 30 000 square km

Land boundaries :

total 4 993 km
Brazil (br) 2 200 km
Colombia (co) 2 050 km
Guyana (gy) 743 km

Coastline :

2800.00 km

Climate :

tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands 

Terrain :

Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 5 007 metres

Natural resources :

bauxite diamonds
gold hydropower
iron ore natural gas
other minerals petroleum

Land use :

arable land 2.85 %
permanent crops 0.88 %
other 96.27 %

Irrigated land :

5 750 square km

Natural hazards :

floods lides
mudslides periodic droughts

current issues :

sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast; threat to the rainforest ecosystem from irresponsible mining operations 

international agreements :

Antarctic Treaty Biodiversity
Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Desertification Endangered Species
Hazardous Wastes Marine Life Conservation
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Tropical Timber 83 Tropical Timber 94
Wetlands

Population :

26 814 843 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.51 %
Birth rate 20.61 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 2.48 children born/woman
Death rate 5.12 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -0.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 30.50 %
15-64 years 64.30 %
65 years and over 5.20 %

Median age :

total 25.50 years
male 24.80 years
female 26.20 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.80 male(s)/female
total population 0.98 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 21.54 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 73.61 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 70.54 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 76.83 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.70 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 110 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 4 100

Religions :

Roman Catholic 96.00 %
Protestant 2.00 %
other 2.00 %

Languages :

Spanish  

Literacy :

total population 93.00 %
male 93.30 %
female 92.70 %

Country name :

conventional long form Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
conventional short form Venezuela
local long form Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela
local short form Venezuela

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 VE
ISO Numeric 862
ISO3 VEN
FIPS VE
ccTLD ve
English Venezuela

Administrative divisions :

23 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 capital district* (distrito capital), and 1 federal dependency** (dependencia federal); Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales**, Distrito Federal*, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Vargas, Yaracuy, Zulia| 

Capital :

name Caracas
geographic coordinates 10 30 N, 66 56 W
time difference -4.50

International organization participation :

CDB Caricom (observer)
FAO G-15
G-24 G-77
IADB IAEA
IBRD ICAO
ICC ICCt
ICRM IDA
IFAD IFC
IFRCS IHO
ILO IMF
IMO IMSO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
ITUC Interpol
LAES LAIA
LAS (observer) MIGA
Mercosur (associate) NAM
OAS OPANAL
OPCW OPEC
PCA PetroCaribe
RG UN
UNASUR UNCTAD
UNESCO UNHCR
UNIDO UNWTO
UPU Union Latina
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO

Independence :

1811-07-05 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1811-07-05

Executive branch :

President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 355 200 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 353 500 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -1.50 %
PPP - per capita 13 200 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 4.00 %
industry 34.60 %
services 61.40 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 13.00 %
industry 23.00 %
services 64.00 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 12 670 000 people
Unemployment rate 10.90 %
Population below poverty line 37.90 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 48.20
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 27.30 %
Investment (gross fixed) 18.30 % of GDP
Current account balance 2 558 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 26 410 000 000 $
Debt external 43 410 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 20 700 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 41 580 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 8 250 999 999 $
Military expenditures 1.20 % of GDP
Public debt 19.40 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 1.70 %
highest 10% 32.70 %

Budget :

revenues 65 140 000 000 $
expenditures 92 040 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

bananas beef
coffee corn
eggs fish
milk pork
rice sorghum
sugarcane vegetables

Industries :

aluminum construction materials
food processing iron ore mining
motor vehicle assembly petroleum
steel textiles

Energy :

Electricity Production 113 300 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 83 020 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 540 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 1 651 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 2 643 000 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 760 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 2 182 000 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 99 380 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 24 010 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 25 510 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 1 500 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 4 840 000 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

51 990 000 000 $

Commodities :

agricultural products basic manufactures
bauxite and aluminum chemicals
crude oil steel

Value :

41 040 000 000 $

Commodities :

construction materials machinery and equipment
raw materials transportation equipment

Currency-name :

bolivar 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 6 304 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 27 084 000
Television broadcast stations 66
Internet Country code (ccTLD) ve
Internet Hosts 155 139
Internet Users 7 167 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 131
Heliports 4
Pipelines - gas 5 258 km
Pipelines - oil 6 695 km
Pipelines - refined products 1 484 km
Roadways - total 96 155 km
Roadways - paved 32 308 km
Roadways - unpaved 63 847 km
Railways 806 km
Waterways 7 100 km

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