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Mexico

X

Background :

The site of advanced Amerindian civilizations, Mexico came under Spanish rule for three centuries before achieving independence early in the 19th century. A devaluation of the peso in late 1994 threw Mexico into economic turmoil, triggering the worst recession in over half a century. The nation had been making an impressive recovery until the global financial crisis hit in late 2008. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, underemployment for a large segment of the population, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities for the largely Amerindian population in the impoverished southern states. The elections held in 2000 marked the first time since the 1910 Mexican Revolution that an opposition candidate - Vicente FOX of the National Action Party (PAN) - defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He was succeeded in 2006 by another PAN candidate Felipe CALDERON. In January 2009, Mexico assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2009-10 term. 

Location :

Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the United States and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the United States 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

23 00 N, 102 00 W  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West -118.45
North 32.72
East -86.70
South 14.53

Area :

total 1 964 375 square km
land 1 943 945 square km
water 20 430 square km

Land boundaries :

total 4 353 km
Belize (bz) 250 km
Guatemala (gt) 962 km
US 3 141 km

Coastline :

9330.00 km

Climate :

varies from tropical to desert 

Terrain :

high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 10 metres
highest point 5 700 metres

Natural resources :

copper gold
lead natural gas
petroleum silver
timber zinc

Land use :

arable land 12.66 %
permanent crops 1.28 %
other 86.06 %

Irrigated land :

63 200 square km

Natural hazards :

destructive earthquakes hurricanes
tsunamis volcanoes

current issues :

scarcity of hazardous waste disposal facilities; rural to urban migration; natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; deteriorating agricultural lands; serious air and water pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border; land subsidence in Valley of Mexico caused by groundwater depletion| 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Hazardous Wastes
Law of the Sea Marine Dumping
Marine Life Conservation Ozone Layer Protection
Ship Pollution Wetlands
Whaling

Population :

111 211 789 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.13 %
Birth rate 19.71 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 2.34 children born/woman
Death rate 4.80 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -3.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 29.10 %
15-64 years 64.60 %
65 years and over 6.20 %

Median age :

total 26.30 years
male 25.30 years
female 27.30 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.82 male(s)/female
total population 0.96 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 18.42 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 76.06 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 73.25 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 79.00 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.30 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 200 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 11 000

Religions :

Roman Catholic 76.50 %
Protestant 6.30 %
other 0.30 %
unspecified 13.80 %
none 3.10 %

Languages :

Spanish only 92.70 %
Spanish  
Mayan  
Nahuatl  

Literacy :

total population 91.00 %
male 92.40 %
female 89.60 %

Country name :

conventional long form United Mexican States
conventional short form Mexico
local long form Estados Unidos Mexicanos
local short form Mexico

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 MX
ISO Numeric 484
ISO3 MEX
FIPS MX
ccTLD mx
English Mexico

Administrative divisions :

31 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatan, Zacatecas 

Capital :

name Mexico City
geographic coordinates 19 26 N, 99 08 W
time difference -6.00
daylight saving time 1

International organization participation :

APEC BCIE
BIS CAN (observer)
CDB CE (observer)
CSN (observer) Caricom (observer)
EBRD FAO
FATF G-15
G-20 G-24
G-3 IADB
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICCt ICRM
IDA IFAD
IFC IFRCS
IHO ILO
IMF IMO
IMSO IOC
IOM IPU
ISO ITSO
ITU ITUC
Interpol LAES
LAIA MIGA
NAFTA NAM (observer)
NEA OAS
OECD OPANAL
OPCW PCA
Paris Club (associate) RG
SICA (observer) UN
UN Security Council (temporary) UNASUR (observer)
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNHCR UNIDO
UNWTO UPU
Union Latina WCO
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO

Independence :

1810-09-16 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1810-09-16

Executive branch :

President Felipe de Jesus CALDERON Hinojosa

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 1 473 000 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 866 300 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -7.10 %
PPP - per capita 13 200 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 4.10 %
industry 34.50 %
services 61.30 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 15.10 %
industry 25.70 %
services 59.00 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 46 100 000 people
Unemployment rate 6.20 %
Population below poverty line 18.20 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 48.20
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5.30 %
Investment (gross fixed) 20.80 % of GDP
Current account balance - 10 120 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 89 740 000 000 $
Debt external 177 000 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 46 390 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 307 700 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 232 600 000 000 $
Military expenditures 0.50 % of GDP
Public debt 42.60 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 1.70 %
highest 10% 36.30 %

Budget :

revenues 188 200 000 000 $
expenditures 222 700 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

beans beef
coffee corn
cotton dairy
fruits poultry
rice soya
tomatoes wheat
wood

Industries :

beverages chemicals
clothing consumer durables
food iron
mining motor vehicles
petroleum steel
textiles tobacco
tourism

Energy :

Electricity Production 245 000 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 200 900 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 1 288 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 584 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 3 186 000 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 2 128 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 1 986 000 bbl/day
Oil Imports 479 600 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 10 500 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 52 150 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 66 879 999 999 cubic metres
Natural gas Exports 1 136 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 12 610 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 372 700 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

223 600 000 000 $

Commodities :

coffee cotton
fruits manufactured products
oil and oil products silver
vegetables

Value :

234 600 000 000 $

Partners :

United States (us) 49.00 %
China (cn) 11.20 %
Japan (jp) 5.30 %
South Korea 4.40 %
Germany (de) 4.10 %

Commodities :

agricultural machinery aircraft
and aircraft parts car parts for assembly
electrical equipment metalworking machines
repair parts for motor vehicles steel mill products

Currency-name :

Mexican peso 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 20 539 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 75 304 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 545
Television broadcast stations 236
Internet Country code (ccTLD) mx
Internet Hosts 12 716 000
Internet Users 23 260 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 246
Heliports 1
Pipelines - gas 22 705 km
Pipelines - oil 8 688 km
Pipelines - refined products 6 520 km
Pipelines - liquid petroleum gas 1 875 km
Roadways - total 356 945 km
Roadways - expressways 6 279 km
Roadways - paved 178 473 km
Roadways - unpaved 178 472 km
Railways 17 516 km
Waterways 2 900 km

Photos

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