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Uruguay

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Background :

Montevideo, founded by the Spanish in 1726 as a military stronghold, soon took advantage of its natural harbor to become an important commercial center. Claimed by Argentina but annexed by Brazil in 1821, Uruguay declared its independence four years later and secured its freedom in 1828 after a three-year struggle. The administrations of President Jose BATLLE in the early 20th century established widespread political, social, and economic reforms that established a statist tradition. A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement named the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to cede control of the government to the military in 1973. By yearend, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold over the government. Civilian rule was not restored until 1985. In 2004, the left-of-center Frente Amplio Coalition won national elections that effectively ended 170 years of political control previously held by the Colorado and Blanco parties. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent. 

Location :

Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

33 00 S, 56 00 W  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West -58.44
North -30.08
East -53.07
South -34.98

Area :

total 176 215 square km
land 175 015 square km
water 1 200 square km

Land boundaries :

total 1 648 km
Argentina (ar) 580 km
Brazil (br) 1 068 km

Coastline :

660.00 km

Climate :

warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown 

Terrain :

mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 514 metres

Natural resources :

arable land fisheries
hydropower minor minerals

Land use :

arable land 7.77 %
permanent crops 0.24 %
other 91.99 %

Irrigated land :

2 100 square km

Natural hazards :

droughts floods
high winds

current issues :

water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal 

international agreements :

Antarctic Treaty Antarctic-Environmental Protocol
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources Biodiversity
Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Desertification Endangered Species
Environmental Modification Hazardous Wastes
Law of the Sea Marine Dumping
Marine Life Conservation Ozone Layer Protection
Ship Pollution Wetlands

Population :

3 494 382 

Indicators :

Growth rate 0.47 %
Birth rate 13.91 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 1.92 children born/woman
Death rate 9.09 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 22.40 %
15-64 years 64.30 %
65 years and over 13.30 %

Median age :

total 33.40 years
male 32.00 years
female 34.80 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.67 male(s)/female
total population 0.95 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 11.32 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 76.35 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 73.10 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 79.72 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.60 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 10 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 500

Religions :

Roman Catholic 47.10 %
non-Catholic Christians 11.10 %
nondenominational 23.20 %
Jewish 0.30 %
atheist or agnostic 17.20 %
other 1.10 %

Languages :

Spanish  
Portunol  
Brazilero  

Literacy :

total population 98.00 %
male 97.60 %
female 98.40 %

Country name :

conventional long form Oriental Republic of Uruguay
conventional short form Uruguay
local long form Republica Oriental del Uruguay
local short form Uruguay
former Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 UY
ISO Numeric 858
ISO3 URY
FIPS UY
ccTLD uy
English Uruguay

Administrative divisions :

19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres 

Capital :

name Montevideo
geographic coordinates 34 53 S, 56 11 W
time difference -3.00
daylight saving time 1

International organization participation :

CAN (associate) FAO
G-77 IADB
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICCt ICRM
IDA IFAD
IFC IFRCS
IHO ILO
IMF IMO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
Interpol LAES
LAIA MIGA
MINURSO MINUSTAH
MONUC Mercosur
NAM (observer) OAS
OPANAL OPCW
PCA RG
UN UNASUR
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNIDO UNMOGIP
UNOCI UNWTO
UPU Union Latina
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO

Independence :

1825-08-25 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1825-08-25

Executive branch :

President Jose "Pepe" MUJICA Cordano

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 44 050 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 31 610 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 0.60 %
PPP - per capita 12 600 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 9.50 %
industry 22.50 %
services 68.00 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 9.00 %
industry 15.00 %
services 76.00 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 1 636 000 people
Unemployment rate 7.90 %
Population below poverty line 27.40 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 45.20
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 7.30 %
Investment (gross fixed) 15.50 % of GDP
Current account balance - 76 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 7 907 000 000 $
Debt external 12 610 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 156 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 4 190 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 159 000 000 $
Military expenditures 1.60 % of GDP
Public debt 58.70 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 1.70 %
highest 10% 34.80 %

Budget :

revenues 8 841 000 000 $
expenditures 9 666 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

barley beef
fish forestry
livestock rice
soya wheat

Industries :

beverages chemicals
electrical machinery food processing
petroleum products textiles
transportation equipment

Energy :

Electricity Production 9 265 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 7 140 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 996 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 789 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 946 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 41 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 7 100 bbl/day
Oil Imports 52 730 bbl/day
Natural gas Consumption 70 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 70 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

6 320 000 000 $

Commodities :

dairy products fish
leather products meat
rice wool

Value :

6 576 000 000 $

Commodities :

chemicals crude petroleum and petroleum products
machinery paper
plastics road vehicles

Currency-name :

Uruguayan peso 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 959 300
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 3 508 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 191
Television broadcast stations 62
Internet Country code (ccTLD) uy
Internet Hosts 498 232
Internet Users 1 340 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 9
Pipelines - gas 226 km
Pipelines - oil 155 km
Roadways - total 77 732 km
Roadways - paved 7 743 km
Roadways - unpaved 69 989 km
Railways 1 641 km
Waterways 1 600 km

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