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Equatorial Guinea

Africa Countries
Equatorial Guinea - Panoramic Places of Interest Atlas including Cathedral of Santa Isabel, Elobey Chico, Corisco Island, Iglesia de San Antonio de Padua (Batete), Malabo Historic Center, Moca Valley, Monte Alen National Park, Museo de Arte Moderno de Guinea Ecuatorial, Pico Basilé, Annobón Island & Lake A Pot, Ureca and Southern Bioko Beaches, Bata Paseo Marítimo, Iladyi Waterfalls, Ciudad de la Paz (Oyala), Centro Cultural de España en Malabo (CCEM), Piedra Nzas Natural Monument

Top Sights & Landmarks

01

Cathedral of Santa Isabel

Iconic Spanish Gothic Cathedral

02

Elobey Chico

Abandoned Colonial Island Capital

03

Corisco Island

Ancient Mission and Pristine Sands

04

Iglesia de San Antonio de Padua (Batete)

Historic Wooden Gothic Church

05

Malabo Historic Center

Spanish Colonial Heart of the Capital

06

Moca Valley

Cultural Heartland of the Bubi People

07

Monte Alen National Park

Untouched Equatorial Rainforest

08

Museo de Arte Moderno de Guinea Ecuatorial

Hub of Contemporary Guinean Art

09

Pico Basilé

Sacred Volcanic Summit

10

Annobón Island & Lake A Pot

Isolated Volcanic Crater Lake

11

Ureca and Southern Bioko Beaches

Turtle Nesting and Untamed Coastlines

12

Bata Paseo Marítimo

Coastal Promenade of the Economic Capital

13

Iladyi Waterfalls

Bioko's Spectacular Cascades

14

Ciudad de la Paz (Oyala)

The Futuristic Jungle Capital

15

Centro Cultural de España en Malabo (CCEM)

Epicenter of Guinean-Spanish Culture

16

Piedra Nzas Natural Monument

Sacred Monolithic Rock Formation

Background

Equatorial Guinea consists of a continental territory and five inhabited islands; it is one of the smallest countries by area and population in Africa. The mainland region was most likely predominantly inhabited by Pygmy ethnic groups prior to the migration of various Bantu-speaking ethnic groups around the second millennium BC. The island of Bioko, the largest of Equatorial Guinea’s five inhabited islands and the location of the country’s capital of Malabo, has been occupied since at least 1000 B.C. In the early 1470s, Portuguese explorers landed on Bioko Island, and Portugal soon after established control of the island and other areas of modern Equatorial Guinea. In 1778, Portugal ceded its colonial hold over present-day Equatorial Guinea to Spain in the Treaty of El Pardo. The borders of modern-day Equatorial Guinea would evolve between 1778 and 1968 as the area remained under European colonial rule. In 1968, Equatorial Guinea was granted independence from Spain and elected Francisco MACIAS NGUEMA as its first president. MACIAS consolidated power soon after his election and ruled brutally for over a decade. Under his regime, Equatorial Guinea experienced mass suppression, purges, and killings. Some estimates indicate that a third of the population either went into exile or was killed under MACIAS’ rule. In 1979, present-day President OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo, then a senior military officer, deposed MACIAS in a violent coup. OBIANG has ruled since and has been elected in non-competitive contests several times, most recently in 2022. The president exerts near-total control over the political system. Equatorial Guinea experienced rapid economic growth in the early years of the 21st century due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves in 1996. Production peaked in 2004 and has declined since. The country's economic windfall from oil production resulted in massive increases in government revenue, a significant portion of which was earmarked for infrastructure development. Systemic corruption, however, has hindered socio-economic development, and the population has seen only limited improvements to living standards. Equatorial Guinea continues to seek to diversify its economy, increase foreign investment, and assume a greater role in regional and international affairs.&nbsp

Location

Latitude
2° N
Longitude
10° E
N S W E
World Map Location
Geographic Location

Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon

Map Reference
Africa

Area

Total Area
28,051 sq km
Land (100%)
Land: 28,051 sq km
Water: 0 sq km

Elevation

Highest Point
Pico Basile
Pico Basile 3,008 m
Lowest Point
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Mean Elevation
577 m

Detailed Geography Information

Coastline

296 km

Geography - note

insular and continental regions widely separated; despite its name, no part of the equator passes through Equatorial Guinea -- the mainland part of the country is located just north of the equator

Irrigated land

NA

Land boundaries

Total boundary: 528 km
Cameroon 183 km
Gabon 345 km

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards

violent windstorms; flash floods volcanism: Santa Isabel (3,007 m), which last erupted in 1923, is the country's only historically active volcano; Santa Isabel and two dormant volcanoes form Bioko Island in the Gulf of Guinea

Natural resources

petroleumnatural gastimbergoldbauxitediamondstantalumsand and gravelclay

Terrain

coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic

Population & Growth

+3.10% Growth
1,853,559
Total inhabitants (2025 est.)
Male: 53.7% (994,672) Female: 46.3% (858,887)

Age Distribution

0-14 years
35.6%
~659,867
15-64 years
59.4%
~1,101,014
65 years
5.0%
~92,678
Note: 2024 est.

Demographic Longevity

Median Age
22.3 years
Male
22.7 yrs
Female
21.5 yrs
Life Expectancy
63.9 years
Male
61.6 yrs
Female
66.2 yrs

Vital Dynamics

Birth Rate
28.55
births per 1,000 people
Death Rate
8.81
deaths per 1,000 people
Net Migration
+11.29
migrants per 1,000 people
Fertility Rate
4.05
children born per woman

Detailed People & Society Information

Alcohol consumption per capita

6.11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 67.4 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 59 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 8.4 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 11.9 (2025 est.)

Ethnic groups

Fang
78.1%
Bubi
9.4%
Ndowe
2.8%
Nanguedambo
2.7%
Bisio
0.9%
foreigner
5.3%
other
0.7%
unspecified
0.2%

Gross reproduction rate

1.99 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

3.4%

3.4% of GDP (2021) 4.4% of national budget (2022 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 76.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 83.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 71.3 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Spanish
67.6%
Fa d'Ambo spoken in Annobon
32.4%

Major urban areas - population

297,000 MALABO (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio

174 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Nationality

noun: Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s) adjective: Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

8% (2016)

Physician density

0.15 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Population distribution

the two large cities are Bata on the mainland and the capital Malabo on the island of Bioko; small communities are scattered throughout the mainland and the five inhabited islands, as shown in this population distribution map

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Total Displaced & Vulnerable Persons
5 individuals
Refugees
100.0%
5
5 (2024 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic
88%
Protestant
5%
Muslim
2%
other (animist
5%

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.22 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.09 male(s)/female total population: 1.16 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Climate & Issues

Climate Profile

tropical; always hot, humid

Key Environmental Issues
deforestation (agricultural expansion, fires, and grazing) desertification water pollution tap water non-potable wildlife preservation

Land Cover

Coverage Distribution
Forest (86%)
Arable: 1.9%
Crops: 1.7%
Pasture: 0.2%
Forest: 86.4%

Air & Carbon Emissions

Annual CO2 Output 2023 est.
5.471 million
Coal (0%) Oil (100%) Gas (0%)
PM2.5 Exposure 26.5 µg/m³
0 5 (WHO Limit) 15 25 35+
Methane Emissions
energy: 129.8 kt (2022-2024 est.)

Water Resources & Use

Renewable Water Resources 26 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Annual Water Withdrawal
municipal: 15.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Municipal (80%) Ind (15%) Agri (5%)

Detailed Environmental Information

International environmental agreements

BiodiversityClimate ChangeClimate Change-Kyoto ProtocolClimate Change-Paris AgreementDesertificationEndangered SpeciesHazardous WastesLaw of the SeaMarine Dumping-London ConventionNuclear Test BanOzone Layer ProtectionShip PollutionWetlands

Urbanization

urban population: 74.4% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 3.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 198,400 tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 23.9% (2022 est.)

Capital & State Profile

Capital City
Malabo
3.75° N, 8.7833° E
Timezone UTC+1
Government Type
presidential republic
Independence 1968-10-12
National Holiday 10-12

Executive Branch

Chief of State
President OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (since 3 August 1979)
Head of Government
Prime Minister Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua (since 17 August 2024)
Last Election 20 November 2022
Next Election 2029
Cabinet Council of Ministers appointed by the president and overseen by the prime minister

Legislative Branch

bicameral
Legislature Name Parliament (Parlamento)
Lower Chamber Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de los Diputados)
Seats 100 (all directly elected)
Term 5 years
% Women 31%
Parties Composition
Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE) and its allies 100
Upper Chamber Senate (Senado)
Seats 70 (55 directly elected; 15 appointed)
Term 5 years
% Women 25%
Parties Composition
Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE) and its allies 55

National Identity & Symbols

National Flag Description

three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red, with a blue isosceles triangle based on the left side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six six-pointed yellow stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield with a silk-cotton tree; below is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice)

Symbolic Meaning green stands for the jungle and natural resources, blue for the sea, white for peace, and red for the fight for independence
National Symbol silk cotton tree
National Colors green, white, red, blue
National Anthem Caminemos pisando la senda (Let Us Tread the Path)

Detailed Government Information

Administrative divisions

8 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Djibloho, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Equatorial Guinea dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Constitution

history: previous 1968, 1973, 1982; approved by referendum 17 November 1991 amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by three fourths of the membership in either house of the National Assembly; passage requires three-fourths majority vote by both houses of the Assembly and approval in a referendum if requested by the president

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial Guinea conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial (Spanish)/ République de Guinée équatoriale (French) local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial (Spanish)/Guinée équatoriale (French) former: Spanish Guinea etymology: the country is named for the Guinea region of West Africa that lies along the Gulf of Guinea and stretches north to the Sahel; the "equatorial" refers to the fact that the country lies just north of the Equator

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the President of the Supreme Court and nine judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor, administrative, and customary sections); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 4 members) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president for five-year terms; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president, 2 of whom are nominated by the Chamber of Deputies subordinate courts: Court of Guarantees; military courts; Courts of Appeal; first instance tribunals; district and county tribunals

Legal system

mixed system of civil and customary law

Political parties

Center Right Union or UCD Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE Liberal Democratic Convention or CLD Liberal Party or PL National Congress of Equatorial Guinea (CNGE) National Democratic Party (PNDGE) National Democratic Union or UDENA National Union for Democracy PUNDGE Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE Popular Union or UP Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP Social and Popular Convergence Party or CSDP Social Democratic Coalition Party (PCSD) Social Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea or PSDGE Social Democratic Union or UDS Socialist Party of Equatorial Guinea

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Economic Overview

growing CEMAC economy and new OPEC member; large oil and gas reserves; targeting economic diversification and poverty reduction; still recovering from CEMAC crisis; improving public financial management; persistent poverty; hard-hit by COVID-19

Size & Performance

Real GDP (PPP)
$29.248 billion
Latest available estimate (2024)
2023: $28.985 billion2022: $30.539 billion
Real GDP Growth
0.9% (2024 est.)
+0.9%
GDP Per Capita (PPP)
$15,500
2023: $15,7002022: $16,900

GDP Sector Breakdown

Agriculture: 3.1%Industry: 45.8%Services: 51.1%
Origin GDP %
Agriculture 3.1%
Industry 45.8%
Services 51.1%

Trade Balance

Trade Position
Trade Surplus
$1.25 billion
Total Exports
$4.489 billion (2024 est.)
Total Imports
$3.24 billion (2024 est.)
Exports (58%) Imports (42%)

Budget Balance

Budget Position
Budget Surplus
+$1.57 billion
Revenues
$3.62 billion (2022 est.)
Expenditures
$2.051 billion (2022 est.)
Revenues (64%) Expenditures (36%)

Export Profile

Top Export Partners

Note: 2023; top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Major Export Commodities

crude petroleumnatural gasalcoholswoodscrap iron

Import Profile

Top Import Partners

20.0%
17.0%
10.0%
5.0%
5.0%
Note: 2023; top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Major Import Commodities

shipspoultryplastic productsbeervalves

Labor & Employment

Total Labor Force 715,000 (2024 est.)
General Unemployment Rate 7.9%
Youth Unemployment (Ages 15-24) 14.7%

Income Inequality

Gini Coefficient (Family Income) 38.5
0 (Perfect Equality) Moderate Inequality 100 (Perfect Inequality)

Family Income / Consumption Share

Lowest 10%: 2.6% (2022 est.) Highest 10%: 29.1% (2022 est.)
Inequality Gap: Top 10% holds 11.2x the share of the bottom 10%.

Detailed Economic Data

Agricultural products

sweet potatoescassavaplantainsoil palm fruitroot vegetablesbananascoconutscoffeecocoa beanschicken

Exchange rates

Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - Exchange rates: 606.345 (2024 est.) 606.57 (2023 est.) 623.76 (2022 est.) 554.531 (2021 est.) 575.586 (2020 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use

Industrial production growth rate

0.8% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

petroleumnatural gassawmilling

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

4.8% (2022 est.) -0.1% (2021 est.) 4.8% (2020 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Remittances

0% of GDP (2023 est.) 0% of GDP (2022 est.) 0% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$1.538 billion (2023 est.) $1.458 billion (2022 est.) $44.271 million (2021 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues

6.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Grid Infrastructure

Electricity Access 67%
Urban: 89.8% Rural: 1.4%
Capacity 349,000 kW (2023 est.)
Consumption 1.402 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Grid Losses: 170.527 million kWh (2023 est.)

Generation Mix

Percentage Share of Production
fossil fuels 68.6%
hydroelectricity 31.4%

Fossil Fuels Production

Petroleum
Production 98,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Consumption 6,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Proven Reserves 1.1 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Natural Gas
Production 6.013 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Consumption 2.332 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Exports 3.63 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Proven Reserves 139.007 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Coal
Imports 8 metric tons (2023 est.)

Intensity & Nuclear

Energy Consumption Per Capita 54.509 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
No nuclear energy infrastructure or reactor operations reported in this country dossier.

Digital Access

.gq
Internet Usage 60%

Active internet users as a percentage of the total population.

Fixed Broadband

Penetration Rate 0 / 100
Total Subscriptions 2,000 (2022 est.)

Mobile Cellular

Penetration Rate 50 / 100
Total Subscriptions 893,000 (2022 est.)

Broadcast Media

the state maintains control of broadcast media; 1 state-owned TV station, 1 private TV station owned by the president's eldest son, 1 state-owned radio station, and 1 private radio station owned by the president's eldest son; satellite TV service is available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are generally accessible (2019)

Aviation

3C
Airports
7
As of 2025

Ports & Harbors

Ports Count 7
Hover for breakdown & key ports As of 2024

Merchant Marine

Commercial Fleet
53 ships
Hover for vessel types breakdown As of 2023

Military Expenditures

GDP Allocation 1%
1% of GDP (2024) 1.6% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.3% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

Active Duty Strengths

estimated 2,000 active Armed Forces, including Gendarmerie (2025)

Refers to active military personnel.

Service & Defense Details

Military and security forces

Equatorial Guinea Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas de Guinea Ecuatorial, FAGE): Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie (Guardia Civil) (2025) note: the National Police report to the Ministry of National Security, while the Gendarmerie reports to the Ministry of National Defense; police generally are responsible for maintaining law and order in the cities, while gendarmes are responsible for security outside cities and for special events

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the FAGE is armed with mostly older (typically Soviet-era) and secondhand weapons systems; in recent years, it has sought to modernize its naval inventory with purchases of vessels from several countries, including Bulgaria and Israel; China and Russia have also supplied some equipment to the FAGE (2025)

Military - note

the Armed Forces of Equatorial Guinea (FAGE) are responsible for defending the territory and sovereignty of the country; the FAGE also has some internal security duties, including fulfilling some police functions in border areas, sensitive sites, and high-traffic areas; maritime security, particularly protecting offshore oil installations and combating piracy and crime in the Gulf of Guinea, is a key priority (2025)

Military service age and obligation

18-25 for voluntary military service; selective compulsory military service for men; 24-month service obligation (2025)