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Mali
Background :
The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 by a military coup - led by the current president Amadou TOURE - enabling Mali's emergence as one of the strongest democracies on the continent. President Alpha KONARE won Mali's first democratic presidential election in 1992 and was reelected in 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, KONARE stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE, who was subsequently elected to a second term in 2007. The elections were widely judged to be free and fair.
Location :
Western Africa, southwest of Algeria
Geographic Coordinates Center :
17 00 N, 4 00 W (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | -12.24 |
| North | 25.00 |
| East | 4.24 |
| South | 10.16 |
Map references :
Africa
Area :
| total | 1 240 192 | square km |
| land | 1 220 190 | square km |
| water | 20 002 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 7 243 | km |
| Algeria (dz) | 1 376 | km |
| Burkina Faso (bf) | 1 000 | km |
| Guinea (gn) | 858 | km |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 532 | km |
| Mauritania (mr) | 2 237 | km |
| Niger (ne) | 821 | km |
| Senegal (sn) | 419 | km |
Coastline :
0.00 km
Climate :
subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)
Terrain :
mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 23 | metres |
| highest point | 1 155 | metres |
Natural resources :
| gold | granite |
| gypsum | hydropower |
| kaolin | limestone |
| phosphates | salt |
| uranium |
Land use :
| arable land | 3.76 | % |
| permanent crops | 0.03 | % |
| other | 96.21 | % |
Irrigated land :
2 360 square km
Total renewable water resources :
100 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| droughts | flooding |
| harmattan haze |
current issues :
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching
international agreements :
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Endangered Species | Hazardous Wastes |
| Law of the Sea | Ozone Layer Protection |
| Wetlands | Whaling |
Population :
13 443 225
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 2.59 | % |
| Birth rate | 46.44 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 6.62 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 14.96 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | -5.54 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 47.60 | % |
| 15-64 years | 49.50 | % |
| 65 years and over | 3.00 | % |
Median age :
| total | 15.80 | years |
| male | 15.50 | years |
| female | 16.20 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.03 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.02 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.99 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.64 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.99 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 115.86 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 51.78 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 50.21 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 53.40 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 1.50 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 100 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 5 800 |
Religions :
| Muslim | 90.00 | % |
| Christian | 1.00 | % |
| indigenous beliefs | 9.00 | % |
Languages :
| French | ||
| Bambara | 80.00 | % |
| African |
Literacy :
| total population | 46.40 | % |
| male | 53.50 | % |
| female | 39.60 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Republic of Mali |
| conventional short form | Mali |
| local long form | Republique de Mali |
| local short form | Mali |
| former | French Sudan and Sudanese Republic |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | ML |
| ISO Numeric | 466 |
| ISO3 | MLI |
| FIPS | ML |
| ccTLD | ml |
| English | Mali |
Administrative divisions :
8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou
Capital :
| name | Bamako |
| geographic coordinates | 12 39 N, 8 00 W |
| time difference | 0.00 |
International organization participation :
| ACP | AU |
| AfDB | ECOWAS |
| FAO | FZ |
| G-77 | IAEA |
| IBRD | ICAO |
| ICCt | ICRM |
| IDA | IDB |
| IFAD | IFC |
| IFRCS | ILO |
| IMF | IOC |
| IOM | IPU |
| ITSO | ITU |
| ITUC | Interpol |
| MIGA | MONUC |
| NAM | OIC |
| OIF | OPCW |
| UN | UNAMID |
| UNCTAD | UNESCO |
| UNIDO | UNMIL |
| UNMIS | UNWTO |
| UPU | WADB (regional) |
| WAEMU | WCO |
| WFTU | WHO |
| WIPO | WMO |
| WTO |
Independence :
1960-09-22
National holiday :
Independence Day
1960-09-22
Executive branch :
| President Amadou Toumani TOURE | Prime Minister Modibo SIDIBE |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 15 380 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 8 757 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | 3.00 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 1 100 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 45.00 | % |
| industry | 17.00 | % |
| services | 38.00 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 80.00 | % |
| services | 20.00 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 3 241 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 30.00 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 36.10 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 40.10 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2.50 | % |
| Current account balance | - 446 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 2 800 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 1.90 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 2.70 | % |
| highest 10% | 30.50 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 1 500 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 1 800 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| cattle | corn |
| cotton | goats |
| millet | peanuts |
| rice | sheep |
| vegetables |
Industries :
| construction | food processing |
| phosphate and gold mining |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 515 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 479 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Consumption | 5 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 4 402 | bbl/day |
Value :
294 000 000 $
Partners :
| China (cn) | 26.40 | % |
| Thailand (th) | 10.60 | % |
| Denmark (dk) | 6.40 | % |
| Pakistan (pk) | 5.10 | % |
| Morocco (ma) | 4.90 | % |
Commodities :
| cotton | gold |
| livestock |
Value :
2 358 000 000 $
Partners :
| Senegal (sn) | 13.10 | % |
| Cote dIvoire | 11.90 | % |
| France (fr) | 11.30 | % |
| China (cn) | 5.90 | % |
Commodities :
| construction materials | foodstuffs |
| machinery and equipment | petroleum |
| textiles |
Currency-code :
XOF
Currency-name :
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 82 800 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 3 267 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 230 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | ml | |
| Internet Hosts | 519 | |
| Internet Users | 200 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 8 | |
| Roadways - total | 18 709 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 3 368 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 15 341 | km |
| Railways | 593 | km |
| Waterways | 1 800 | km |
Flag
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