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Morocco

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Background :

In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, successive Moorish dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad AL-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Morocco virtually annexed Western Sahara during the late 1970s, but final resolution on the status of the territory remains unresolved. Gradual political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature, which first met in 1997. The country has made improvements in human rights under King MOHAMMED VI and its press is moderately free, but the government occasionally takes action against journalists who report on three broad subjects considered to be taboo: the monarchy, Islam, and the status of Western Sahara. Despite the continuing reforms, ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. 

Location :

Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

32 00 N, 5 00 W  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West -13.17
North 35.93
East -0.99
South 27.66

Area :

total 446 550 square km
land 446 300 square km
water 250 square km

Land boundaries :

total 2 017 km
Algeria (dz) 1 559 km
Western Sahara (eh) 443 km
Spain (Ceuta) 6 km
Spain (Melilla) 9 km

Coastline :

1835.00 km

Climate :

Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior 

Terrain :

northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 55 metres
highest point 4 165 metres

Natural resources :

fish iron ore
lead manganese
phosphates salt
zinc

Land use :

arable land 19.00 %
permanent crops 2.00 %
other 79.00 %

Irrigated land :

14 450 square km

Natural hazards :

earthquakes periodic droughts

current issues :

land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Environmental Modification
Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea
Marine Dumping Ozone Layer Protection
Ship Pollution Wetlands
Whaling

Population :

31 285 174 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.10 %
Birth rate 19.72 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 2.27 children born/woman
Death rate 4.74 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -3.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 28.70 %
15-64 years 65.40 %
65 years and over 6.00 %

Median age :

total 25.00 years
male 24.50 years
female 25.60 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.00 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.75 male(s)/female
total population 0.99 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 29.75 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 75.47 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 72.42 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 78.68 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.10 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 21 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 1 000

Religions :

Muslim 98.70 %
Christian 1.10 %
Jewish 0.20 %

Languages :

Arabic  
Berber dialects  
French often the language of business  

Literacy :

total population 52.30 %
male 65.70 %
female 39.60 %

Country name :

conventional long form Kingdom of Morocco
conventional short form Morocco
local long form Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah
local short form Al Maghrib

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 MA
ISO Numeric 504
ISO3 MAR
FIPS MO
ccTLD ma
English Morocco

Administrative divisions :

15 regions; Grand Casablanca, Chaouia-Ouardigha, Doukkala-Abda, Fes-Boulemane, Gharb-Chrarda-Beni Hssen, Guelmim-Es Smara, Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra, Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz, Meknes-Tafilalet, Oriental, Rabat-Sale-Zemmour-Zaer, Souss-Massa-Draa, Tadla-Azilal, Tanger-Tetouan, Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate| 

Capital :

name Rabat
geographic coordinates 34 01 N, 6 49 W
time difference 0.00

International organization participation :

ABEDA AFESD
AMF AMU
AfDB EBRD
FAO G-77
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICCt (signatory) ICRM
IDA IDB
IFAD IFC
IFRCS IHO
ILO IMF
IMO IMSO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
ITUC Interpol
LAS MIGA
MONUC NAM
OAS (observer) OIC
OIF OPCW
OSCE (partner) PCA
Paris Club (associate) UN
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNHCR UNIDO
UNOCI UNWTO
UPU WCO
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO

Independence :

1956-03-02 

National holiday :

Throne Day

1999-07-30

Executive branch :

King MOHAMMED VI Prime Minister Abbas EL FASSI

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 146 700 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 90 780 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 5.10 %
PPP - per capita 4 600 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 18.80 %
industry 32.60 %
services 48.60 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 44.60 %
industry 19.80 %
services 35.50 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 11 460 000 people
Unemployment rate 9.90 %
Population below poverty line 15.00 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 40.90
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.00 %
Investment (gross fixed) 32.50 % of GDP
Current account balance - 3 795 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 21 540 000 000 $
Debt external 20 060 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 641 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 42 680 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 65 750 000 000 $
Military expenditures 5.00 % of GDP
Public debt 54.10 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 2.70 %
highest 10% 33.20 %

Budget :

revenues 22 900 000 000 $
expenditures 23 860 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

barley citrus
livestock olives
vegetables wheat
wine

Industries :

construction energy
food processing leather goods
phosphate rock mining and processing textiles
tourism

Energy :

Electricity Production 19 780 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 20 780 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 3 429 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 4 310 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 187 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 17 420 bbl/day
Oil Imports 195 800 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 750 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 60 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 560 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 500 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 1 501 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

15 610 000 000 $

Commodities :

citrus clothing and textiles
crude minerals electric components
fertilizers fish
inorganic chemicals petroleum products
vegetables

Value :

31 830 000 000 $

Commodities :

crude petroleum gas and electricity
plastics telecommunication equipment
textile fabrics transistors
wheat

Currency-name :

Moroccan dirham 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 2 991 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 22 816 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 15
Television broadcast stations 8
Internet Country code (ccTLD) ma
Internet Hosts 276 521
Internet Users 10 300 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 32
Heliports 1
Pipelines - gas 830 km
Pipelines - oil 439 km
Roadways - total 57 625 km
Roadways - expressways 639 km
Roadways - paved 35 664 km
Roadways - unpaved 21 961 km
Railways 1 907 km

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