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Pakistan

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Background :

The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world and dating back at least 5,000 years, spread over much of what is presently Pakistan. During the second millennium B.C., remnants of this culture fused with the migrating Indo-Aryan peoples. The area underwent successive invasions in subsequent centuries from the Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Arabs (who brought Islam), Afghans, and Turks. The Mughal Empire flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries; the British came to dominate the region in the 18th century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved, and India and Pakistan fought two wars - in 1947-48 and 1965 - over the disputed Kashmir territory. A third war between these countries in 1971 - in which India capitalized on Islamabad's marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests in 1998. The dispute over the state of Kashmir is ongoing, but discussions and confidence-building measures have helped the two countries begin to work through their issues. In February 2008, Pakistan held parliamentary elections and in September 2008, after the resignation of former President MUSHARRAF, elected Asif Ali ZARDARI to the presidency. Pakistani government and military leaders are struggling to control domestic insurgents, many of whom are located in the tribal areas adjacent to the border with Afghanistan. India-Pakistan relations have been rocky since the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, but both countries are taking small steps to put relations back on track. 

Location :

Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

30 00 N, 70 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 60.88
North 37.10
East 77.84
South 23.79

Area :

total 796 095 square km
land 770 875 square km
water 25 220 square km

Land boundaries :

total 6 774 km
Afghanistan (af) 2 430 km
China (cn) 523 km
India (in) 2 912 km
Iran (ir) 909 km

Coastline :

1046.00 km

Climate :

mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north 

Terrain :

flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 8 611 metres

Natural resources :

copper extensive natural gas reserves
iron ore land
limestone limited petroleum
poor quality coal salt

Land use :

arable land 24.44 %
permanent crops 0.84 %
other 74.72 %

Irrigated land :

182 300 square km

Natural hazards :

flooding frequent earthquakes
heavy rain

current issues :

water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; most of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Environmental Modification
Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea
Marine Dumping Marine Life Conservation
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Wetlands

Population :

174 578 558 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.55 %
Birth rate 25.89 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 3.43 children born/woman
Death rate 7.21 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -3.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 36.70 %
15-64 years 59.10 %
65 years and over 4.20 %

Median age :

total 20.80 years
male 20.60 years
female 21.00 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.88 male(s)/female
total population 1.04 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 67.36 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 65.26 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 63.51 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 67.11 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.10 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 96 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 5 100

Religions :

Muslim 95.00 %
other 5.00 %

Languages :

Punjabi 48.00 %
Sindhi 12.00 %
Siraiki 10.00 %
Pashtu 8.00 %
Urdu 8.00 %
Balochi 3.00 %
Hindko 2.00 %
Brahui 1.00 %
English  
Burushaski  

Literacy :

total population 49.90 %
male 63.00 %
female 36.00 %

Country name :

conventional long form Islamic Republic of Pakistan
conventional short form Pakistan
local long form Jamhuryat Islami Pakistan
local short form Pakistan
former West Pakistan

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 PK
ISO Numeric 586
ISO3 PAK
FIPS PK
ccTLD pk
English Pakistan

Administrative divisions :

4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, Sindh| 

Capital :

name Islamabad
geographic coordinates 33 42 N, 73 10 E
time difference 5.00
daylight saving time 1

International organization participation :

ADB ARF
C CICA
CP D-8
ECO FAO
G-24 G-77
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICRM IDA
IDB IFAD
IFC IFRCS
IHO ILO
IMF IMO
IMSO IOC
IOM IPU
ISO ITSO
ITU ITUC
Interpol MIGA
MINURCAT MINURSO
MONUC NAM
OAS (observer) OIC
OPCW PCA
SAARC SACEP
SCO (observer) UN
UNAMID UNCTAD
UNESCO UNHCR
UNIDO UNMIL
UNMIS UNMIT
UNOCI UNWTO
UPU WCO
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO

Independence :

1947-08-14 

National holiday :

Republic Day

1956-03-23

Executive branch :

President Asif Ali ZARDARI Prime Minister Syed Yousuf Raza GILANI

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 448 100 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 166 500 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 2.70 %
PPP - per capita 2 600 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 20.80 %
industry 24.30 %
services 54.90 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 43.00 %
industry 20.30 %
services 36.60 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 55 880 000 people
Unemployment rate 15.20 %
Population below poverty line 24.00 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 30.60
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 14.20 %
Investment (gross fixed) 18.10 % of GDP
Current account balance - 2 420 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 15 680 000 000 $
Debt external 52 120 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 1 078 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 27 950 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 23 490 000 000 $
Military expenditures 3.00 % of GDP
Public debt 45.30 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 3.90 %
highest 10% 26.50 %

Budget :

revenues 23 210 000 000 $
expenditures 30 050 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

beef cotton
eggs fruits
milk mutton
rice sugarcane
vegetables wheat

Industries :

apparel construction materials
fertilizer food processing
paper products pharmaceuticals
shrimp textiles

Energy :

Electricity Production 90 800 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 72 200 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 61 870 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 383 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 30 090 bbl/day
Oil Imports 319 500 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 339 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 37 500 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 37 500 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 885 300 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

17 870 000 000 $

Commodities :

bed linen carpets and rugs
chemicals cotton cloth
leather products manufactures
rice sports products
textiles yarn)

Value :

28 310 000 000 $

Partners :

China (cn) 14.30 %
Saudi Arabia (sa) 12.20 %
UAE 11.30 %
Kuwait (kw) 5.50 %
United States (us) 4.80 %
Malaysia (my) 4.10 %

Commodities :

edible oils iron and steel
machinery paper and paperboard
petroleum petroleum products
plastics tea
transportation equipment

Currency-name :

Pakistani rupee 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 4 546 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 91 440 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 68
Television broadcast stations 20
Internet Country code (ccTLD) pk
Internet Hosts 226 236
Internet Users 18 500 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 98
Heliports 19
Pipelines - gas 10 402 km
Pipelines - oil 2 011 km
Pipelines - refined products 787 km
Roadways - total 259 197 km
Roadways - expressways 711 km
Roadways - paved 172 827 km
Roadways - unpaved 86 370 km
Railways 7 791 km

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