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Indonesia

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Background :

The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence after Japan's surrender, but it required four years of intermittent negotiations, recurring hostilities, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. Indonesia's first free parliamentary election after decades of repressive rule took place in 1999. Indonesia is now the world's third-largest democracy, the world's largest archipelagic state, and home to the world's largest Muslim population. Current issues include: alleviating poverty, improving education, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing economic and financial reforms, stemming corruption, holding the military and police accountable for past human rights violations, addressing climate change, and controlling avian influenza. In 2005, Indonesia reached a historic peace agreement with armed separatists in Aceh, which led to democratic elections in Aceh in December 2006. Indonesia continues to face a low intensity separatist movement in Papua. 

Location :

Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

5 00 S, 120 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 95.01
North 5.90
East 141.02
South -10.94

Area :

total 1 904 569 square km
land 1 811 569 square km
water 93 000 square km

Coastline :

54716.00 km

Climate :

tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands 

Terrain :

mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 5 030 metres

Natural resources :

bauxite coal
copper fertile soils
gold natural gas
nickel petroleum
silver timber
tin

Land use :

arable land 11.03 %
permanent crops 7.04 %
other 81.93 %

Irrigated land :

45 000 square km

Natural hazards :

droughts earthquakes
floods tsunamis
volcanoes

current issues :

deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Hazardous Wastes
Law of the Sea Marine Life Conservation
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Tropical Timber 83 Tropical Timber 94
Wetlands

Population :

240 271 522 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.14 %
Birth rate 18.84 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 2.31 children born/woman
Death rate 6.25 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -1.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 28.10 %
15-64 years 66.00 %
65 years and over 6.00 %

Median age :

total 27.60 years
male 27.10 years
female 28.10 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.80 male(s)/female
total population 1.00 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 29.97 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 70.76 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 68.26 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 73.38 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.20 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 270 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 8 700

Religions :

Muslim 86.10 %
Protestant 5.70 %
Roman Catholic 3.00 %
Hindu 1.80 %
other 3.40 %

Languages :

Indonesian  
English  
Dutch  

Literacy :

total population 90.40 %
male 94.00 %
female 86.80 %

Country name :

conventional long form Republic of Indonesia
conventional short form Indonesia
local long form Republik Indonesia
local short form Indonesia
former Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 ID
ISO Numeric 360
ISO3 IDN
FIPS ID
ccTLD id
English Indonesia

Administrative divisions :

30 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Kepulauan Riau, Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Papua, Papua Barat, Riau, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Yogyakarta*| 

Capital :

name Jakarta
geographic coordinates 6 10 S, 106 49 E
time difference 7.00

International organization participation :

ADB APEC
APT ARF
ASEAN BIS
CICA (observer) CP
D-8 EAS
FAO G-15
G-20 G-77
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICRM IDA
IDB IFAD
IFC IFRCS
IHO ILO
IMF IMO
IMSO IOC
IOM (observer) IPU
ISO ITSO
ITU ITUC
Interpol MIGA
MONUC NAM
OIC OPCW
PIF (partner) UN
UNAMID UNCTAD
UNESCO UNIDO
UNIFIL UNMIL
UNMIS UNWTO
UPU WCO
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO

Independence :

1945-08-17 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1945-08-17

Executive branch :

President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO

Legislative branch :

PD 20.90 %
GOLKAR 14.50 %
PDI-P 14.00 %
PKS 7.90 %
PAN 6.00 %
PPP 5.30 %
PKB 4.90 %
GERINDRA 4.50 %
HANURA 3.80 %
others 18.20 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 968 500 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 514 900 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 4.40 %
PPP - per capita 4 000 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 14.40 %
industry 47.10 %
services 38.50 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 42.10 %
industry 18.60 %
services 39.30 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 113 300 000 people
Unemployment rate 7.70 %
Population below poverty line 17.80 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 39.40
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5.00 %
Investment (gross fixed) 27.10 % of GDP
Current account balance 10 700 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 62 590 000 000 $
Debt external 150 700 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 10 510 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 73 020 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 98 760 000 000 $
Military expenditures 3.00 % of GDP
Public debt 29.80 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 3.00 %
highest 10% 32.30 %

Budget :

revenues 83 770 000 000 $
expenditures 97 240 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

beef cassava
cocoa coffee
copra eggs
palm oil peanuts
pork poultry
rice rubber

Industries :

apparel cement
chemical fertilizer food
footwear mining
petroleum and natural gas plywood
rubber textiles
tourism

Energy :

Electricity Production 134 400 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 119 300 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 1 051 000 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 1 564 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 85 000 bbl/day
Oil Imports 671 000 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 3 990 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 70 000 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 36 500 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Exports 33 500 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 3 001 000 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

115 600 000 000 $

Partners :

Japan (jp) 20.20 %
United States (us) 9.50 %
Singapore (sg) 9.40 %
China (cn) 8.50 %
South Korea 6.70 %
India (in) 5.20 %
Malaysia (my) 4.70 %

Commodities :

electrical appliances oil and gas
plywood rubber
textiles

Value :

86 600 000 000 $

Partners :

Singapore (sg) 16.90 %
China (cn) 11.80 %
Japan (jp) 11.70 %
Malaysia (my) 6.90 %
United States (us) 6.10 %
South Korea 5.40 %
Thailand (th) 4.90 %

Commodities :

chemicals foodstuffs
fuels machinery and equipment

Currency-name :

Indonesian rupiah 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 30 378 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 140 578 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 43
Television broadcast stations 54
Internet Country code (ccTLD) id
Internet Hosts 865 309
Internet Users 30 000 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 164
Heliports 36
Pipelines - gas 73 km
Pipelines - oil 5 721 km
Pipelines - condensate 735 km
Pipelines - refined products 1 370 km
Roadways - total 437 759 km
Roadways - paved 258 744 km
Roadways - unpaved 179 015 km
Railways 8 529 km
Waterways 21 579 km

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