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Timor-Leste

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Background :

The Portuguese began to trade with the island of Timor in the early 16th century and colonized it in mid-century. Skirmishing with the Dutch in the region eventually resulted in an 1859 treaty in which Portugal ceded the western portion of the island. Imperial Japan occupied Portuguese Timor from 1942 to 1945, but Portugal resumed colonial authority after the Japanese defeat in World War II. East Timor declared itself independent from Portugal on 28 November 1975 and was invaded and occupied by Indonesian forces nine days later. It was incorporated into Indonesia in July 1976 as the province of Timor Timur (East Timor). An unsuccessful campaign of pacification followed over the next two decades, during which an estimated 100,000 to 250,000 individuals lost their lives. On 30 August 1999, in a UN-supervised popular referendum, an overwhelming majority of the people of Timor-Leste voted for independence from Indonesia. Between the referendum and the arrival of a multinational peacekeeping force in late September 1999, anti-independence Timorese militias - organized and supported by the Indonesian military - commenced a large-scale, scorched-earth campaign of retribution. The militias killed approximately 1,400 Timorese and forcibly pushed 300,000 people into western Timor as refugees. The majority of the country's infrastructure, including homes, irrigation systems, water supply systems, and schools, and nearly 100% of the country's electrical grid were destroyed. On 20 September 1999, the Australian-led peacekeeping troops of the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) deployed to the country and brought the violence to an end. On 20 May 2002, Timor-Leste was internationally recognized as an independent state. In late April 2006, internal tensions threatened the new nation's security when a military strike led to violence and a near breakdown of law and order. At Dili's request, an Australian-led International Stabilization Force (ISF) deployed to Timor-Leste in late May. In August, the UN Security Council established the UN Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT), which included an authorized police presence of over 1,600 personnel. The ISF and UNMIT restored stability, allowing for presidential and parliamentary elections in April and June 2007 in a largely peaceful atmosphere. In February 2008, a rebel group staged an unsuccessful attack against the president and prime minister. The ringleader was killed in the attack and the majority of the rebels surrendered in April 2008. Since the unsuccessful attacks the government has enjoyed one of its longest periods of post-independence stability. 

Location :

Southeastern Asia, northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago; note - Timor-Leste includes the eastern half of the island of Timor, the Oecussi (Ambeno) region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Pulau Atauro and Pulau Jaco 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

8 50 S, 125 55 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 124.05
North -8.14
East 127.31
South -9.46

Area :

total 14 874 square km
land 14 874 square km
water 0 square km

Land boundaries :

total 228 km
Indonesia (id) 228 km

Coastline :

706.00 km

Climate :

tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons 

Terrain :

mountainous 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 2 963 metres

Natural resources :

gold manganese
marble natural gas
petroleum

Land use :

arable land 8.20 %
permanent crops 4.57 %
other 87.23 %

Irrigated land :

1 065 square km

Natural hazards :

earthquakes floods
lides tropical cyclones
tsunamis

current issues :

widespread use of slash and burn agriculture has led to deforestation and soil erosion 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification

Population :

1 131 612 

Indicators :

Growth rate 2.03 %
Birth rate 26.25 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 3.28 children born/woman
Death rate 5.98 deaths/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 34.70 %
15-64 years 61.90 %
65 years and over 3.40 %

Median age :

total 21.80 years
male 21.80 years
female 21.80 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.91 male(s)/female
total population 1.03 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 40.65 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 67.27 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 64.92 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 69.75 years

Religions :

Roman Catholic 98.00 %
Muslim 1.00 %
Protestant 1.00 %

Languages :

Tetum  
Portuguese  
Indonesian  
English|  

Literacy :

total population 58.60 %

Country name :

conventional long form Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
conventional short form Timor-Leste
local long form Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste [Portuguese]
local short form Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Timor-Leste [Portuguese]
former East Timor, Portuguese Timor

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 TL
ISO Numeric 626
ISO3 TLS
FIPS TT
ccTLD tl
English Timor-Leste

Administrative divisions :

13 administrative districts; Aileu, Ainaro, Baucau, Bobonaro (Maliana), Cova-Lima (Suai), Dili, Ermera (Gleno), Lautem (Los Palos), Liquica, Manatuto, Manufahi (Same), Oecussi (Ambeno), Viqueque| 

Capital :

name Dili
geographic coordinates 8 35 S, 125 36 E
time difference 9.00

International organization participation :

ACP ADB
AOSIS ARF
ASEAN (observer) CPLP
FAO G-77
IBRD ICAO
ICCt IDA
IFAD IFC
IFRCS ILO
IMF IMO
IOC IPU
Interpol MIGA
NAM OPCW
PIF (observer) UN
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNIDO UNWTO
UPU Union Latina
WCO WFTU
WHO

Independence :

1975-11-28 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1975-11-28

Executive branch :

President Jose RAMOS-HORTA Prime Minister Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO

Legislative branch :

FRETILIN 29.00 %
CNRT 24.10 %
ASDT-PSD 15.80 %
PD 11.30 %
PUN 4.50 %
KOTA-PPT (Democratic Alliance) 3.20 %
UNDERTIM 3.20 %
others 8.90 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 2 745 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 599 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 7.40 %
PPP - per capita 2 400 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 32.20 %
industry 12.80 %
services 55.00 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 90.00 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 414 200 people
Unemployment rate 20.00 %
Population below poverty line 42.00 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 38.00
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 7.80 %
Current account balance 1 161 000 000 $

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 2.90 %
highest 10% 31.30 %

Budget :

revenues 733 000 000 $
expenditures 309 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

bananas cabbages
cassava coffee
corn mangoes
rice soya
sweet potatoes vanilla

Industries :

handicrafts printing
soap manufacturing woven cloth

Energy :

Oil Production 100 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 100 900 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 553 800 000 bbl
Electricity Exports 200 000 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

10 000 000 $

Commodities :

coffee marble
sandalwood

Value :

202 000 000 $

Commodities :

food gasoline
kerosene machinery

Currency-name :

US dollar 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 2 400
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 101 000
Television broadcast stations 1
Internet Country code (ccTLD) tl
Internet Hosts 169
Internet Users 1 800

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 2
Heliports 8
Roadways - total 6 040 km
Roadways - paved 2 600 km
Roadways - unpaved 3 440 km

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