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Armenia

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Background :

Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Despite periods of autonomy, over the centuries Armenia came under the sway of various empires including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, and Ottoman. During World War I in the western portion of Armenia, Ottoman Turkey instituted a policy of forced resettlement coupled with other harsh practices that resulted in an estimated 1 million Armenian deaths. The eastern area of Armenia was ceded by the Ottomans to Russia in 1828; this portion declared its independence in 1918, but was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenian leaders remain preoccupied by the long conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated region, assigned to Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also a significant portion of Azerbaijan proper. The economies of both sides have been hurt by their inability to make substantial progress toward a peaceful resolution. Turkey closed the common border with Armenia in 1994 because of the Armenian separatists' control of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding areas, further hampering Armenian economic growth. However, in 2009 senior Armenian leaders began pursuing rapprochement with Turkey, which could result in the border reopening. 

Location :

Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

40 00 N, 45 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 43.45
North 41.30
East 49.48
South 38.40

Area :

total 29 743 square km
land 28 203 square km
water 1 540 square km

Land boundaries :

total 1 254 km
Azerbaijan-proper 566 km
Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km
Georgia (ge) 164 km
Iran (ir) 35 km
Turkey (tr) 268 km

Coastline :

0.00 km

Climate :

highland continental, hot summers, cold winters 

Terrain :

Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 400 metres
highest point 4 090 metres

Land use :

arable land 16.78 %
permanent crops 2.01 %
other 81.21 %

Irrigated land :

2 860 square km

Natural hazards :

droughts earthquakes

current issues :

soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; the energy crisis of the 1990s led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically active zone 

international agreements :

Air Pollution Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Environmental Modification Hazardous Wastes
Law of the Sea Ozone Layer Protection
Wetlands

Population :

2 967 004 

Indicators :

Growth rate -0.03 %
Birth rate 12.65 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 1.36 children born/woman
Death rate 8.39 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -4.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 18.20 %
15-64 years 71.10 %
65 years and over 10.60 %

Median age :

total 31.50 years
male 28.80 years
female 34.40 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.14 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.15 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.88 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.64 male(s)/female
total population 0.89 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 20.21 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 72.68 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 69.06 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 76.81 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.10 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 2 400
HIV-AIDS deaths 200

Religions :

Apostolic 94.70 %
other Christian 4.00 %
Yezidi 1.30 %

Languages :

Armenian 97.70 %
Yezidi 1.00 %
Russian 0.90 %

Literacy :

total population 99.40 %
male 99.70 %
female 99.20 %

Country name :

conventional long form Republic of Armenia
conventional short form Armenia
local long form Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun
local short form Hayastan
former Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 AM
ISO Numeric 51
ISO3 ARM
FIPS AM
ccTLD am
English Armenia

Administrative divisions :

11 provinces (marzer, singular - marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan 

Capital :

name Yerevan
geographic coordinates 40 10 N, 44 30 E
time difference 4.00
daylight saving time 1

International organization participation :

ACCT (observer) ADB
BSEC CE
CIS CSTO
EAEC (observer) EAPC
EBRD FAO
GCTU IAEA
IBRD ICAO
ICCt (signatory) ICRM
IDA IFAD
IFC IFRCS
ILO IMF
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
Interpol MIGA
NAM (observer) OAS (observer)
OIF (associate member) OPCW
OSCE PFP
UN UNCTAD
UNESCO UNIDO
UNWTO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO

Independence :

1991-09-21 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1991-09-21

Executive branch :

President Serzh SARGSIAN Prime Minister Tigran SARGSIAN

Legislative branch :

HHK 33.90 %
Prosperous Armenia 15.10 %
ARF (Dashnak) 13.20 %
Rule of Law 7.10 %
Heritage Party 6.00 %
other 24.70 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 16 180 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 8 683 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -15.00 %
PPP - per capita 5 900 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 18.60 %
industry 33.50 %
services 48.00 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 46.20 %
industry 15.60 %
services 38.20 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 1 481 000 people
Unemployment rate 7.10 %
Population below poverty line 26.50 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 37.00
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4.20 %
Investment (gross fixed) 38.60 % of GDP
Current account balance - 1 086 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 885 000 000 $
Debt external 4 470 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 105 000 000 $
Military expenditures 6.50 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 1.60 %
highest 10% 41.30 %

Budget :

revenues 1 855 000 000 $
expenditures 2 365 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

fruits livestock
vegetables

Industries :

brandy chemicals
diamond processing electric motors
food processing forging and pressing machines
hosiery instruments
jewelry manufacturing knitted wear
metal cutting machine tools microelectronics
shoes silk fabric
software development tires
trucks

Energy :

Electricity Production 5 584 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 4 776 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 451 300 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 418 700 000 kWh
Oil Consumption 48 000 bbl/day
Oil Imports 45 200 bbl/day
Natural gas Consumption 1 930 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 1 930 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

715 000 000 $

Commodities :

copper diamonds
energy foodstuffs
metals mineral products
pig iron

Value :

2 547 000 000 $

Commodities :

diamonds foodstuffs
natural gas petroleum
tobacco products

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 650 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 2 336 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 16
Television broadcast stations 48
Internet Country code (ccTLD) am
Internet Hosts 36 354
Internet Users 191 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 10
Pipelines - gas 2 233 km
Roadways - total 8 888 km
Roadways - expressways 1 561 km
Roadways - paved 7 079 km
Roadways - unpaved 1 809 km
Railways 845 km

Photos

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