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Georgia

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Background :

The region of present-day Georgia contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D. and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Domination by Persians, Arabs, and Turks was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short by the Mongol invasion of 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. An attempt by the incumbent Georgian government to manipulate national legislative elections in November 2003 touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. New elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his National Movement party. Progress on market reforms and democratization has been made in the years since independence, but this progress has been complicated by Russian assistance and support to the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. After a series of Russian and separatist provocations in summer 2008, Georgian military action in South Ossetia in early August led to a Russian military response that not only occupied the breakaway areas, but large portions of Georgia proper as well. Russian troops pulled back from most occupied Georgian territory, but in late August 2008 Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. This action was strongly condemned by most of the world's nations and international organizations. 

Location :

Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

42 00 N, 43 30 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 40.01
North 43.59
East 46.73
South 41.05

Area :

total 69 700 square km
land 69 700 square km
water 0 square km

Land boundaries :

total 1 461 km
Armenia (am) 164 km
Azerbaijan (az) 322 km
Russia (ru) 723 km
Turkey (tr) 252 km

Coastline :

310.00 km

Climate :

warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast 

Terrain :

largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 5 201 metres

Natural resources :

copper forests
hydropower iron ore
manganese deposits minor coal and oil deposits
tea and citrus growth

Land use :

arable land 11.51 %
permanent crops 3.79 %
other 84.70 %

Irrigated land :

4 690 square km

Natural hazards :

earthquakes

current issues :

air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals 

international agreements :

Air Pollution Biodiversity
Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Desertification Endangered Species
Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Wetlands

Population :

4 615 807 

Indicators :

Growth rate -0.33 %
Birth rate 10.66 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 1.44 children born/woman
Death rate 9.65 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -4.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 16.10 %
15-64 years 67.60 %
65 years and over 16.40 %

Median age :

total 38.60 years
male 36.10 years
female 41.00 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.13 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.15 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.67 male(s)/female
total population 0.91 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 16.22 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 76.72 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 73.41 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 80.45 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.10 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 2 700
HIV-AIDS deaths 200

Religions :

Orthodox Christian 83.90 %
Muslim 9.90 %
Gregorian 3.90 %
Catholic 0.80 %
other 0.80 %
none 0.70 %

Languages :

Georgian 71.00 %
Russian 9.00 %
Armenian 7.00 %
Azeri 6.00 %

Literacy :

total population 100.00 %
male 100.00 %
female 100.00 %

Country name :

conventional short form Georgia
local short form Sak'art'velo
former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 GE
ISO Numeric 268
ISO3 GEO
FIPS GG
ccTLD ge
English Georgia

Administrative divisions :

9 regions (mkharebi, singular - mkhare), 1 city (k'alak'i), and 2 autonomous republics (avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom respublika)||regions:|Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Shida Kartli||city:|Tbilisi||autonomous republics:|Abkhazia or Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika (Sokhumi), Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika (Bat'umi)| 

Capital :

name T'bilisi
geographic coordinates 41 43 N, 44 47 E
time difference 4.00

International organization participation :

ACCT (observer) ADB
BSEC CE
CIS EAPC
EBRD FAO
GCTU GUAM
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICCt ICRM
IDA IFAD
IFC IFRCS
ILO IMF
IMO IOC
IOM IPU
ISO (correspondent) ITSO
ITU ITUC
Interpol MIGA
OAS (observer) OIF (observer)
OPCW OSCE
PFP SECI (observer)
UN UNCTAD
UNESCO UNIDO
UNWTO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO

Independence :

1991-04-09 

National holiday :

Independence Day 1918-05-26
Indepedence from Soviet Union 1991-04-09

Executive branch :

President Mikheil SAAKASHVILI

Legislative branch :

United National Movement 59.20 %
National Council-New Rights 17.70 %
Christian Democratic Movement 8.80 %
Labor Party 7.40 %
Republican Party 3.80 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 20 750 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 10 980 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -4.90 %
PPP - per capita 4 500 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 12.10 %
industry 25.90 %
services 62.00 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 55.60 %
industry 8.90 %
services 35.50 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 2 317 000 people
Unemployment rate 13.60 %
Population below poverty line 31.00 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 40.80
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.00 %
Investment (gross fixed) 22.30 % of GDP
Current account balance - 1 661 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 1 080 000 000 $
Debt external 7 711 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 1 389 000 000 $
Military expenditures 0.59 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 2.40 %
highest 10% 27.00 %

Budget :

revenues 3 756 000 000 $
expenditures 4 726 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

citrus grapes
hazelnuts livestock
tea vegetables

Industries :

aircraft chemicals
copper electrical appliances
machine tools mining
steel wine
wood products

Energy :

Electricity Production 8 170 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 6 902 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 628 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 430 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 977 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 14 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 1 486 bbl/day
Oil Imports 16 590 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 35 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 8 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 1 730 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 1 720 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 8 494 999 999 cubic metres

Value :

1 766 000 000 $

Commodities :

fruits and nuts mineral water
ores scrap metal
vehicles wine

Value :

4 477 000 000 $

Partners :

Turkey (tr) 14.90 %
Ukraine (ua) 10.40 %
Azerbaijan (az) 9.60 %
Germany (de) 7.90 %
Russia (ru) 6.80 %
United States (us) 5.70 %
China (cn) 4.70 %
UAE 4.40 %

Commodities :

fuels grain pharmaceuticals
machinery and parts vehicles

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 618 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 2 755 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 12
Television broadcast stations 12
Internet Country code (ccTLD) ge
Internet Hosts 104 243
Internet Users 1 024 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 18
Heliports 3
Pipelines - gas 1 596 km
Pipelines - oil 1 258 km
Roadways - total 20 329 km
Roadways - expressways 13 km
Roadways - paved 7 854 km
Roadways - unpaved 12 475 km
Railways 1 612 km

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