Saint Lucia
Top Sights & Landmarks
Background
England and France contested Saint Lucia -- with its fine natural harbor at Castries and burgeoning sugar industry -- throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries, with possession changing 14 times; it was finally ceded to the UK in 1814 and became part of the British Windward Islands colony. Even after the abolition of slavery on its plantations in 1834, Saint Lucia remained an agricultural island, dedicated to producing tropical commodity crops. In the mid-20th century, Saint Lucia joined the West Indies Federation (1958–1962) and in 1967 became one of the six members of the West Indies Associated States, with internal self-government. In 1979, Saint Lucia gained full independence.
Location
Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Area
Elevation
Detailed Geography Information
Coastline
158 km
Geography - note
the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), striking cone-shaped peaks south of Soufrière, are one of the scenic natural highlights of the Caribbean
Irrigated land
30 sq km (2012)
Land boundaries
total: 0 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Natural hazards
hurricanes volcanism: Mount Gimie (948 m), also known as Qualibou, is a caldera on the west of the island; the iconic twin pyramidal peaks of Gros Piton (771 m) and Petit Piton (743 m) are lava-dome remnants associated with the Soufrière volcano; there have been no historical magmatic eruptions, but a minor steam eruption in 1766 spread a thin layer of ash over a wide area; Saint Lucia is part of the volcanic-island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from Saba in the north to Grenada in the south
Natural resources
Terrain
volcanic and mountainous with broad, fertile valleys
Population & Growth
Age Distribution
Demographic Longevity
Vital Dynamics
Detailed People & Society Information
Alcohol consumption per capita
9.3 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 50.9 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 26.6 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 24.3 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 4.1 (2025 est.)
Education expenditure
3.8% of GDP (2024 est.) 12.7% national budget (2025 est.)
Ethnic groups
Gross reproduction rate
0.83 (2025 est.)
Health expenditure
6.2% of GDP (2021) 9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Hospital bed density
2 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 11.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 10.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.2 deaths/1,000 live births
Languages
Major urban areas - population
22,000 CASTRIES (capital) (2018)
Maternal mortality ratio
44 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Nationality
noun: Saint Lucian(s) adjective: Saint Lucian
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
19.7% (2016)
Physician density
4.23 physicians/1,000 population (2020)
Population distribution
most of the population is found on the periphery of the island, with a larger concentration in the north around the capital of Castries
Refugees and internally displaced persons
Religions
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 13 years (2023 est.) male: 12 years (2023 est.) female: 13 years (2023 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 13.1% (2025 est.) male: 24.1% (2025 est.) female: 2.6% (2025 est.)
Climate & Issues
tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August
Land Cover
Air & Carbon Emissions
Water Resources & Use
Detailed Environmental Information
International environmental agreements
Urbanization
urban population: 19.2% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 77,600 tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 13.3% (2022 est.)
Capital & State Profile
Executive Branch
Legislative Branch
National Identity & Symbols
cerulean blue with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border
Detailed Government Information
Administrative divisions
10 districts; Anse-la-Raye, Canaries, Castries, Choiseul, Dennery, Gros-Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Soufrière, Vieux-Fort
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: yes citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Saint Lucia dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years
Constitution
history: previous 1958, 1960 (pre-independence); latest presented 20 December 1978, effective 22 February 1979 amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the House of Assembly membership in the final reading and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to various constitutional sections, such as those on fundamental rights and freedoms, government finances, the judiciary, and procedures for amending the constitution, require at least three-quarters majority vote by the House and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments approved by the House but rejected by the Senate require a majority of votes cast in a referendum
Country name
conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Lucia etymology: believed to be named after Saint LUCY (Sainte ALOUSIE) of Syracuse by French sailors who were shipwrecked on the island on 13 December 1502, the saint's feast day note: pronounced saynt-LOO-shuh
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation
Judicial branch
highest court(s): the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC is headquartered on St. Lucia and consists of the Court of Appeal -- headed by the chief justice and 4 judges -- and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal travels to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; member of the Caribbean Court of Justice judge selection and term of office: chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the British monarch; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62 subordinate courts: magistrate's court
Legal system
English common law
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 1 (natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Pitons Management Area
Political parties
Saint Lucia Labor Party or SLP United Workers Party or UWP
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Economic Overview
upper middle-income, tourism-based Caribbean island economy; environmentally fragile; energy import-dependent; major banana producer; well-educated labor force; key infrastructure, IT, and communications investments
Size & Performance
GDP Sector Breakdown
Trade Balance
Budget Balance
Export Profile
Top Export Partners
Major Export Commodities
Labor & Employment
Income Inequality
Family Income / Consumption Share
Detailed Economic Data
Agricultural products
Current account balance
-$64.121 million (2024 est.) -$38.069 million (2023 est.) -$83.442 million (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Debt - external
$901.317 million (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - Exchange rates: 2.7 (2024 est.) 2.7 (2023 est.) 2.7 (2022 est.) 2.7 (2021 est.) 2.7 (2020 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
Industrial production growth rate
5.6% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Industries
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
-0.1% (2024 est.) 4.1% (2023 est.) 6.4% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Remittances
2.5% of GDP (2024 est.) 2.6% of GDP (2023 est.) 2.6% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$406.064 million (2024 est.) $424.324 million (2023 est.) $389.083 million (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Taxes and other revenues
18.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Grid Infrastructure
Generation Mix
Fossil Fuels Production
Intensity & Nuclear
Digital Access
Active internet users as a percentage of the total population.
Fixed Broadband
Mobile Cellular
Broadcast Media
Aviation
Ports & Harbors
Service & Defense Details
no regular military forces; Ministry of Home Affairs, Justice, and National Security: Royal Saint Lucia Police Force (RSLPF) (2025)
Saint Lucia has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Saint Kitts, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2025)