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Madagascar

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Background :

Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1896 but regained independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing secession of half of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner. RAVALOMANANA achieved a second term following a landslide victory in the generally free and fair presidential elections of 2006. In early 2009, protests due to increasing restrictions on opposition press and activities resulted in RAVALOMANANA stepping down and the presidency was conferred to the mayor of Antananarivo, Andry RAJOELINA. Following negotiations in July and August of 2009, a power-sharing agreement with a 15-month transitional period was established, but has not yet been implemented. 

Location :

Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

20 00 S, 47 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 43.22
North -11.95
East 50.48
South -25.61

Area :

total 587 041 square km
land 581 540 square km
water 5 501 square km

Coastline :

4828.00 km

Climate :

tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south 

Terrain :

narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 2 876 metres

Natural resources :

bauxite chromite
coal fish
graphite hydropower
mica quartz
salt semiprecious stones
tar sands

Land use :

arable land 5.03 %
permanent crops 1.02 %
other 93.95 %

Irrigated land :

10 860 square km

Natural hazards :

periodic cyclones

current issues :

soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several endangered species of flora and fauna unique to the island 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Hazardous Wastes
Law of the Sea Marine Life Conservation
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Wetlands

Population :

20 653 556 

Indicators :

Growth rate 3.00 %
Birth rate 38.14 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 5.14 children born/woman
Death rate 8.14 deaths/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 43.50 %
15-64 years 53.50 %
65 years and over 3.00 %

Median age :

total 18.00 years
male 17.80 years
female 18.20 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.80 male(s)/female
total population 0.99 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 54.20 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 62.89 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 60.93 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 64.91 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.10 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 14 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 1 000

Religions :

indigenous beliefs 52.00 %
Christian 41.00 %
Muslim 7.00 %

Languages :

English  
French  
Malagasy  

Literacy :

total population 68.90 %
male 75.50 %
female 62.50 %

Country name :

conventional long form Republic of Madagascar
conventional short form Madagascar
local long form Republique de Madagascar/Repoblikan'i Madagasikara
local short form Madagascar/Madagasikara
former Malagasy Republic

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 MG
ISO Numeric 450
ISO3 MDG
FIPS MA
ccTLD mg
English Madagascar

Administrative divisions :

6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara 

Capital :

name Antananarivo
geographic coordinates 18 55 S, 47 31 E
time difference 3.00

International organization participation :

ACP AU
AfDB COMESA
FAO G-77
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICCt ICRM
IDA IFAD
IFC IFRCS
ILO IMF
IMO IOC
IOM IPU
ISO (correspondent) ITSO
ITU ITUC
InOC Interpol
MIGA NAM
OIF OPCW
SADC UN
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNHCR UNIDO
UNWTO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO

Independence :

1960-06-26 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1960-06-26

Executive branch :

President Andry RAJOELINA Prime Minister Albert Camille VITAL

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 20 510 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 8 974 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 0.40 %
PPP - per capita 1 000 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 26.60 %
industry 15.60 %
services 57.80 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 9 504 000 people
Population below poverty line 50.00 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 47.50
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 8.00 %
Investment (gross fixed) 40.10 % of GDP
Current account balance - 1 002 999 999 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 798 000 000 $
Debt external 2 053 999 999 $
Military expenditures 1.00 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 2.60 %
highest 10% 41.50 %

Budget :

revenues 1 232 000 000 $
expenditures 1 861 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

bananas beans
cassava cloves
cocoa coffee
livestock peanuts
rice sugarcane
vanilla

Industries :

automobile assembly plant breweries
cement glassware
meat processing paper
petroleum seafood
soap sugar
tanneries textiles
tourism

Energy :

Electricity Production 1 044 999 999 kWh
Electricity Consumption 971 400 000 kWh
Oil Production 85 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 20 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 364 bbl/day
Oil Imports 16 940 bbl/day

Value :

1 040 000 000 $

Commodities :

chromite coffee
cotton cloth petroleum products
shellfish sugar
vanilla

Value :

1 836 000 000 $

Commodities :

capital products consumer products
food petroleum

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 164 900
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 4 835 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 9
Television broadcast stations 1
Internet Country code (ccTLD) mg
Internet Hosts 27 807
Internet Users 316 100

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 27
Roadways - total 65 663 km
Roadways - paved 7 617 km
Roadways - unpaved 58 046 km
Railways 854 km
Waterways 600 km

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