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Bahrain

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Background :

In 1783, the al-Khalifa family captured Bahrain from the Persians. In order to secure these holdings, it entered into a series of treaties with the UK during the 19th century that made Bahrain a British protectorate. The archipelago attained its independence in 1971. Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Facing declining oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining and has transformed itself into an international banking center. King HAMAD bin Isa al-Khalifa, after coming to power in 1999, pushed economic and political reforms to improve relations with the Shia community. Shia political societies participated in 2006 parliamentary and municipal elections. Al Wifaq, the largest Shia political society, won the largest number of seats in the elected chamber of the legislature. However, Shia discontent has resurfaced in recent years with street demonstrations and occasional low-level violence. 

Location :

Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

26 00 N, 50 33 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 50.45
North 26.28
East 50.66
South 25.80

Map references :

Middle East 

Area :

total 741 square km
land 741 square km
water 0 square km

Coastline :

161.00 km

Climate :

arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers 

Terrain :

mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 122 metres

Natural resources :

fish natural gas
oil pearls

Land use :

arable land 2.82 %
permanent crops 5.63 %
other 91.55 %

Irrigated land :

40 square km

Natural hazards :

dust storms periodic droughts

current issues :

desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources (groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs) 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea
Ozone Layer Protection Wetlands

Population :

728 709 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.29 %
Birth rate 17.01 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 2.50 children born/woman
Death rate 4.29 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate 0.20 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 25.90 %
15-64 years 70.10 %
65 years and over 4.00 %

Median age :

total 30.10 years
male 33.20 years
female 26.70 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.34 male(s)/female
65 years and over 1.12 male(s)/female
total population 1.24 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 15.09 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 75.19 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 72.67 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 77.78 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.20 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 600
HIV-AIDS deaths 200

Religions :

Muslim 81.20 %
Christian 9.00 %
other 9.80 %

Languages :

Arabic  
English  
Persian  
Urdu  

Literacy :

total population 86.50 %
male 88.60 %
female 83.60 %

Country name :

conventional long form Kingdom of Bahrain
conventional short form Bahrain
local long form Mamlakat al Bahrayn
local short form Al Bahrayn
former Dilmun

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 BH
ISO Numeric 48
ISO3 BHR
FIPS BA
ccTLD bh
English Bahrain

Administrative divisions :

5 governorates; Asamah, Janubiyah, Muharraq, Shamaliyah, Wasat| 

Capital :

name Manama
geographic coordinates 26 14 N, 50 34 E
time difference 3.00

International organization participation :

ABEDA AFESD
AMF FAO
G-77 GCC
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICCt (signatory) ICRM
IDA IDB
IFC IFRCS
IHO ILO
IMF IMO
IMSO IOC
IOM (observer) IPU
ISO ITSO
ITU ITUC
Interpol LAS
MIGA NAM
OAPEC OIC
OPCW PCA
UN UNCTAD
UNESCO UNIDO
UNWTO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO

Independence :

1971-08-15 

National holiday :

National Day 1971-12-16
Indepedence from Soviet Union 1971-12-16

Executive branch :

King HAMAD bin Isa Al-Khalifa Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al-Khalifa

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 28 000 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 19 360 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 2.90 %
PPP - per capita 38 400 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 0.50 %
industry 58.00 %
services 41.50 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 1.00 %
industry 79.00 %
services 20.00 %

Other Indicators :

Unemployment rate 15.00 %
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.00 %
Investment (gross fixed) 27.00 % of GDP
Current account balance 1 808 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 3 465 000 000 $
Debt external 10 870 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 10 040 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 16 180 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 21 180 000 000 $
Military expenditures 4.50 % of GDP
Public debt 30.10 % of GDP

Budget :

revenues 5 809 000 000 $
expenditures 5 860 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

dairy fish
fruits poultry
shrimp vegetables

Industries :

aluminum smelting banking
fertilizer insurance
iron petroleum processing and refining
ship repairing tourism

Energy :

Electricity Production 10 250 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 10 100 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 48 520 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 38 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 238 300 bbl/day
Oil Imports 228 400 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 124 600 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 12 640 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 12 640 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 92 030 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

12 500 000 000 $

Partners :

India (in) 4.00 %
Saudi Arabia (sa) 3.40 %
UAE 2.20 %

Commodities :

aluminum petroleum and petroleum products
textiles

Value :

10 370 000 000 $

Partners :

Saudi Arabia (sa) 26.00 %
Japan (jp) 8.70 %
United States (us) 7.60 %
China (cn) 6.00 %
Germany (de) 4.70 %
South Korea 4.60 %
United Kingdom (gb) 4.40 %

Commodities :

chemicals machinery
petroleum

Currency-name :

Bahraini dinar 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 220 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 1 400 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 3
Television broadcast stations 4
Internet Country code (ccTLD) bh
Internet Hosts 51 489
Internet Users 402 900

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 3
Heliports 1
Pipelines - gas 20 km
Pipelines - oil 32 km
Roadways - total 3 851 km
Roadways - paved 3 121 km
Roadways - unpaved 730 km

Photos

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