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Moldova

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Background :

Part of Romania during the interwar period, Moldova was incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although the country has been independent from the USSR since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Dniester River supporting the Slavic majority population, mostly Ukrainians and Russians, who have proclaimed a "Transnistria" republic. One of the poorest nations in Europe, Moldova became the first former Soviet state to elect a Communist, Vladimir VORONIN, as its president in 2001. VORONIN served as Moldova's president until he resigned in September 2009, following the opposition's gain of a narrow majority in July parliamentary elections and the Communist Party's (PCRM) subsequent inability to attract the three-fifths of parliamentary votes required to elect a president. Moldova's four opposition parties formed a new coalition, the Alliance for European Integration (AEI), which will act as Moldova's governing coalition until new parliamentary elections can be held, possibly in summer 2010. Moldova experienced significant political uncertainty in 2009, holding two general elections (in April and July) and four presidential ballots in parliament, all of which failed to secure a president. 

Location :

Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

47 00 N, 29 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 26.62
North 48.49
East 30.14
South 45.47

Area :

total 33 851 square km
land 32 891 square km
water 960 square km

Land boundaries :

total 1 390 km
Romania (ro) 450 km
Ukraine (ua) 940 km

Coastline :

0.00 km

Climate :

moderate winters, warm summers 

Terrain :

rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 2 metres
highest point 430 metres

Natural resources :

arable land gypsum
lignite limestone
phosphorites

Land use :

arable land 54.52 %
permanent crops 8.81 %
other 36.67 %

Irrigated land :

3 000 square km

current issues :

heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods 

international agreements :

Air Pollution Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Hazardous Wastes
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Wetlands

Population :

4 320 748 

Indicators :

Growth rate -0.08 %
Birth rate 11.12 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 1.27 children born/woman
Death rate 10.78 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -1.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 15.90 %
15-64 years 73.30 %
65 years and over 10.80 %

Median age :

total 34.60 years
male 32.70 years
female 36.70 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.58 male(s)/female
total population 0.91 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 13.13 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 70.80 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 67.10 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 74.71 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.40 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 8 900
HIV-AIDS deaths 100

Religions :

Eastern Orthodox 98.00 %
Jewish 1.50 %
Baptist and other 0.50 %

Languages :

Moldovan  
Russian  
Gagauz  

Literacy :

total population 99.10 %
male 99.70 %
female 98.60 %

Country name :

conventional long form Republic of Moldova
conventional short form Moldova
local long form Republica Moldova
local short form Moldova
former Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 MD
ISO Numeric 498
ISO3 MDA
FIPS MD
ccTLD md
English Moldova

Administrative divisions :

32 raions (raioane, singular - raion), 3 municipalities (municipii, singular - municipiu), 1 autonomous territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala autonoma), and 1 territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala)||raions:|Anenii Noi, Basarabeasca, Briceni, Cahul, Cantemir, Calarasi, Causeni, Cimislia, Criuleni, Donduseni, Drochia, Dubasari, Edinet, Falesti, Floresti, Glodeni, Hincesti, Ialoveni, Leova, Nisporeni, Ocnita, Orhei, Rezina, Riscani, Singerei, Soldanesti, Soroca, Stefan-Voda, Straseni, Taraclia, Telenesti, Ungheni||municipalities:|Balti, Bender, Chisinau||autonomous territorial unit:|Gagauzia||territorial unit:|Stinga Nistrului (Transnistria) 

Capital :

name Chisinau
geographic coordinates 47 00 N, 28 51 E
time difference 2.00
daylight saving time 1

International organization participation :

BSEC CE
CEI CIS
EAEC (observer) EAPC
EBRD FAO
GCTU GUAM
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICCt (signatory)
IDA IFAD
IFC IFRCS
ILO IMF
IMO IOC
IOM IPU
ISO (correspondent) ITU
Interpol MIGA
OIF OPCW
OSCE PFP
SECI UN
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNHCR UNIDO
UNMIL UNMIS
UNOCI UNWTO
UPU Union Latina
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO

Independence :

1991-08-27 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1991-08-27

Legislative branch :

PCRM 44.70 %
PLDM 16.60 %
PL 14.70 %
PD 12.50 %
AMN 7.40 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 10 210 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 5 328 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -6.60 %
PPP - per capita 2 400 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 21.80 %
industry 17.60 %
services 60.60 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 40.60 %
industry 16.00 %
services 43.30 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 1 336 000 people
Unemployment rate 2.60 %
Population below poverty line 29.50 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 33.20
Investment (gross fixed) 24.50 % of GDP
Current account balance - 611 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 1 200 000 000 $
Debt external 3 970 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 1 813 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 573 900 000 $
Military expenditures 0.40 % of GDP
Public debt 31.30 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 3.00 %
highest 10% 28.20 %

Budget :

revenues 1 751 000 000 $
expenditures 2 112 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

beef fruits
grain milk
sugar beets sunflower seed
tobacco vegetables
wine

Industries :

agricultural machinery food processing
foundry equipment freezers
hosiery refrigerators
shoes sugar
textiles vegetable oil
washing machines

Energy :

Electricity Production 3 617 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 4 370 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 240 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 2 931 000 000 kWh
Oil Consumption 17 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 36 bbl/day
Oil Imports 14 230 bbl/day
Natural gas Production 50 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 2 520 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 2 520 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

1 240 000 000 $

Commodities :

foodstuffs machinery
textiles

Value :

3 140 000 000 $

Commodities :

chemicals machinery and equipment
mineral products and fuel textiles

Currency-name :

Moldovan leu 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 1 115 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 2 423 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 29
Television broadcast stations 40
Internet Country code (ccTLD) md
Internet Hosts 367 150
Internet Users 850 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 5
Pipelines - gas 1 906 km
Roadways - total 12 666 km
Roadways - paved 12 117 km
Roadways - unpaved 549 km
Railways 1 138 km
Waterways 424 km

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