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Ghana

X

Background :

Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. Ghana endured a long series of coups before Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS took power in 1981 and banned political parties. After approving a new constitution and restoring multiparty politics in 1992, RAWLINGS won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR succeeded him and was reelected in 2004. John Atta MILLS took over as head of state in early 2009. 

Location :

Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

8 00 N, 2 00 W  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West -3.26
North 11.17
East 1.19
South 4.74

Area :

total 238 533 square km
land 227 533 square km
water 11 000 square km

Land boundaries :

total 2 094 km
Burkina Faso (bf) 549 km
Cote d'Ivoire 668 km
Togo (tg) 877 km

Coastline :

539.00 km

Climate :

tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north 

Terrain :

mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 880 metres

Natural resources :

bauxite fish
gold hydropower
industrial diamonds limestone
manganese petroleum
rubber salt
silver timber

Land use :

arable land 17.54 %
permanent crops 9.22 %
other 73.24 %

Irrigated land :

310 square km

Natural hazards :

droughts harmattan winds

current issues :

recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Environmental Modification
Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea
Marine Life Conservation Ozone Layer Protection
Ship Pollution Tropical Timber 83
Tropical Timber 94 Wetlands

Population :

23 887 812 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.90 %
Birth rate 28.74 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 3.68 children born/woman
Death rate 9.13 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 37.20 %
15-64 years 59.20 %
65 years and over 3.50 %

Median age :

total 20.70 years
male 20.50 years
female 21.00 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.00 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.85 male(s)/female
total population 1.00 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 51.18 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 60.10 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 58.92 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 61.31 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 1.90 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 260 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 21 000

Religions :

Christian 68.80 %
Muslim 15.90 %
traditional 8.50 %
other 0.70 %
none 6.10 %

Languages :

Asante 14.80 %
Ewe 12.70 %
Fante 9.90 %
Boron 4.60 %
Dagomba 4.30 %
Dangme 4.30 %
Dagarte 3.70 %
Akyem 3.40 %
Ga 3.40 %
Akuapem 2.90 %

Literacy :

total population 57.90 %
male 66.40 %
female 49.80 %

Country name :

conventional long form Republic of Ghana
conventional short form Ghana
former Gold Coast

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 GH
ISO Numeric 288
ISO3 GHA
FIPS GH
ccTLD gh
English Ghana

Administrative divisions :

10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western 

Capital :

name Accra
geographic coordinates 5 33 N, 0 13 W
time difference 0.00

International organization participation :

ACP AU
AfDB C
ECOWAS FAO
G-24 G-77
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICCt ICRM
IDA IFAD
IFC IFRCS
ILO IMF
IMO IMSO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
ITUC Interpol
MIGA MINURCAT
MINURSO MONUC
NAM OAS (observer)
OIF (associate member) OPCW
UN UNAMID
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNHCR UNIDO
UNIFIL UNITAR
UNMIL UNOCI
UNWTO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO

Independence :

1957-03-06 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1957-03-06

Executive branch :

President John Evans Atta MILLS

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 36 580 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 14 760 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 4.70 %
PPP - per capita 1 500 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 37.30 %
industry 25.30 %
services 37.50 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 56.00 %
industry 15.00 %
services 29.00 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 10 330 000 people
Unemployment rate 11.00 %
Population below poverty line 28.50 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 39.40
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 19.60 %
Investment (gross fixed) 35.00 % of GDP
Current account balance - 2 666 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 1 854 000 000 $
Debt external 5 840 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 3 394 000 000 $
Military expenditures 0.80 % of GDP
Public debt 67.50 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 2.00 %
highest 10% 32.80 %

Budget :

revenues 4 547 000 000 $
expenditures 6 124 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

bananas cassava
cocoa corn
peanuts rice
shea nuts timber

Industries :

aluminum smelting cement
commercial ship building food processing
light manufacturing lumbering
mining

Energy :

Electricity Production 6 746 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 5 702 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 249 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 435 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 7 399 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 56 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 4 843 bbl/day
Oil Imports 45 380 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 15 000 000 bbl
Electricity Exports 22 650 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

5 737 000 000 $

Commodities :

aluminum bauxite
cocoa diamonds
gold horticulture
manganese ore timber
tuna

Value :

9 807 000 000 $

Commodities :

capital equipment foodstuffs
petroleum

Currency-name :

Ghana cedi 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 143 900
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 11 570 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 86
Television broadcast stations 7
Internet Country code (ccTLD) gh
Internet Hosts 23 850
Internet Users 997 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 7
Pipelines - oil 5 km
Pipelines - refined products 309 km
Roadways - total 62 221 km
Roadways - paved 9 955 km
Roadways - unpaved 52 266 km
Railways 947 km
Waterways 1 293 km

Photos

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