“The World's Oldest Mine”
Archaeological siteGeological marvel
Considered the oldest known mining operation in the world, Ngwenya Mine dates back over 43,000 years. Ancient San communities extracted hematite and specularite here to produce red ochre for cosmetic and ritualistic purposes. For history and archaeology students, it provides unparalleled insight into Middle Stone Age industrial practices. The site features a visitor center detailing the area's incredible timeline. Best visited during the dry winter months (May to September) to avoid muddy trails. Tip: Combine your visit with the nearby Ngwenya Glass factory.