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Montenegro

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Background :

The use of the name Montenegro began in the 15th century when the Crnojevic dynasty began to rule the Serbian principality of Zeta; over subsequent centuries Montenegro was able to maintain its independence from the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro became a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it was transformed into a secular principality. After World War I, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, first as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, in a looser union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally declare its independence on 3 June 2006. 

Location :

Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

42 30 N, 19 18 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 18.46
North 43.57
East 20.36
South 41.85

Area :

total 13 812 square km
land 13 452 square km
water 360 square km

Land boundaries :

total 625 km
Albania (al) 172 km
Bosnia and Herzegovina (ba) 225 km
Croatia (hr) 25 km
Kosovo 79 km
Serbia (rs) 124 km

Coastline :

293.50 km

Climate :

Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland 

Terrain :

highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 2 522 metres

Natural resources :

bauxite hydroelectricity

Land use :

arable land 13.70 %
permanent crops 1.00 %
other 85.30 %

Natural hazards :

destructive earthquakes

current issues :

pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor 

international agreements :

Air Pollution Biodiversity
Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Desertification Hazardous Wastes
Law of the Sea Marine Dumping
Marine Life Conservation Ozone Layer Protection
Ship Pollution

Population :

672 180 

Indicators :

Growth rate -0.85 %
Birth rate 11.14 births/1,000 population
Death rate 8.63 deaths/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 16.00 %
15-64 years 70.30 %
65 years and over 13.70 %

Median age :

total 36.70 years
male 35.20 years
female 38.40 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.08 male(s)/female
under 15 years 0.96 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.08 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.68 male(s)/female
total population 0.99 male(s)/female

Religions :

Orthodox 74.20 %
Muslim 17.70 %
Catholic 3.50 %
other 0.60 %
unspecified 3.00 %
atheist 1.00 %

Languages :

Serbian 63.60 %
Montenegrin 22.00 %
Bosnian 5.50 %
Albanian 5.30 %

Country name :

conventional short form Montenegro
local short form Crna Gora
former People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Republic of Montenegro

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 ME
ISO Numeric 499
ISO3 MNE
FIPS MJ
ccTLD me
English Montenegro

Administrative divisions :

21 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina); Andrijevica, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Plav, Pljevlja, Pluzine, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak 

Capital :

name Podgorica
geographic coordinates 42 26 N, 19 16 E
time difference 1.00
daylight saving time 1

International organization participation :

CE CEI
EAPC EBRD
FAO IAEA
IBRD ICAO
ICCt ICRM
IDA IFC
IFRCS ILO
IMF IMO
IMSO IOC
IOM IPU
ISO (correspondent) ITU
ITUC Interpol
MIGA NAM (observer)
OPCW OSCE
PCA PFP
SECI UN
UNESCO UNHCR
UNIDO UNMIL
UNWTO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO (observer)

Independence :

2006-06-03 

National holiday :

National Day

1878-07-13

Executive branch :

President Filip VUJANOVIC Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC

Legislative branch :

Coalition for European Montenegro 51.94 %
SNP 16.83 %
NSD 9.22 %
PZP 6.03 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 6 637 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 4 444 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -4.00 %
PPP - per capita 9 800 $

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 2.00 %
industry 30.00 %
services 68.00 %

Other Indicators :

Unemployment rate 14.70 %
Population below poverty line 7.00 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 30.00
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.40 %
Investment (gross fixed) 30.50 % of GDP
Current account balance - 1 102 000 000 $
Debt external 650 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 3 699 000 000 $
Public debt 38.00 % of GDP

Agriculture - products :

citrus grapes
olives potatoes
sheep tobacco

Industries :

agricultural processing aluminum
consumer goods steelmaking
tourism

Energy :

Electricity Production 2 864 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 18 600 000 kWh
Oil Exports 313 bbl/day
Oil Imports 6 093 bbl/day

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 362 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 735 000
Television broadcast stations 13
Internet Country code (ccTLD) me
Internet Hosts 3 245
Internet Users 294 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 3
Heliports 1
Roadways - total 7 368 km
Roadways - paved 4 742 km
Roadways - unpaved 2 626 km
Railways 250 km

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