* βeta
Montenegro
Background :
The use of the name Montenegro began in the 15th century when the Crnojevic dynasty began to rule the Serbian principality of Zeta; over subsequent centuries Montenegro was able to maintain its independence from the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro became a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it was transformed into a secular principality. After World War I, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, first as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, in a looser union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally declare its independence on 3 June 2006.
Location :
Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia
Geographic Coordinates Center :
42 30 N, 19 18 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 18.46 |
| North | 43.57 |
| East | 20.36 |
| South | 41.85 |
Map references :
Europe
Area :
| total | 13 812 | square km |
| land | 13 452 | square km |
| water | 360 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 625 | km |
| Albania (al) | 172 | km |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina (ba) | 225 | km |
| Croatia (hr) | 25 | km |
| Kosovo | 79 | km |
| Serbia (rs) | 124 | km |
Coastline :
293.50 km
Climate :
Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland
Terrain :
highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 0 | metres |
| highest point | 2 522 | metres |
Natural resources :
| bauxite | hydroelectricity |
Land use :
| arable land | 13.70 | % |
| permanent crops | 1.00 | % |
| other | 85.30 | % |
Natural hazards :
| destructive earthquakes |
current issues :
pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor
international agreements :
| Air Pollution | Biodiversity |
| Climate Change | Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
| Desertification | Hazardous Wastes |
| Law of the Sea | Marine Dumping |
| Marine Life Conservation | Ozone Layer Protection |
| Ship Pollution |
Population :
672 180
Indicators :
| Growth rate | -0.85 | % |
| Birth rate | 11.14 | births/1,000 population |
| Death rate | 8.63 | deaths/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 16.00 | % |
| 15-64 years | 70.30 | % |
| 65 years and over | 13.70 | % |
Median age :
| total | 36.70 | years |
| male | 35.20 | years |
| female | 38.40 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.08 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 0.96 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 1.08 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.68 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.99 | male(s)/female |
Religions :
| Orthodox | 74.20 | % |
| Muslim | 17.70 | % |
| Catholic | 3.50 | % |
| other | 0.60 | % |
| unspecified | 3.00 | % |
| atheist | 1.00 | % |
Languages :
| Serbian | 63.60 | % |
| Montenegrin | 22.00 | % |
| Bosnian | 5.50 | % |
| Albanian | 5.30 | % |
Country name :
| conventional short form | Montenegro |
| local short form | Crna Gora |
| former | People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Republic of Montenegro |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | ME |
| ISO Numeric | 499 |
| ISO3 | MNE |
| FIPS | MJ |
| ccTLD | me |
| English | Montenegro |
Administrative divisions :
21 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina); Andrijevica, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Plav, Pljevlja, Pluzine, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak
Capital :
| name | Podgorica |
| geographic coordinates | 42 26 N, 19 16 E |
| time difference | 1.00 |
| daylight saving time | 1 |
International organization participation :
| CE | CEI |
| EAPC | EBRD |
| FAO | IAEA |
| IBRD | ICAO |
| ICCt | ICRM |
| IDA | IFC |
| IFRCS | ILO |
| IMF | IMO |
| IMSO | IOC |
| IOM | IPU |
| ISO (correspondent) | ITU |
| ITUC | Interpol |
| MIGA | NAM (observer) |
| OPCW | OSCE |
| PCA | PFP |
| SECI | UN |
| UNESCO | UNHCR |
| UNIDO | UNMIL |
| UNWTO | UPU |
| WCO | WFTU |
| WHO | WIPO |
| WMO | WTO (observer) |
Independence :
2006-06-03
National holiday :
National Day
1878-07-13
Executive branch :
| President Filip VUJANOVIC | Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC |
Legislative branch :
| Coalition for European Montenegro | 51.94 | % |
| SNP | 16.83 | % |
| NSD | 9.22 | % |
| PZP | 6.03 | % |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 6 637 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 4 444 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | -4.00 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 9 800 | $ |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 2.00 | % |
| industry | 30.00 | % |
| services | 68.00 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Unemployment rate | 14.70 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 7.00 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 30.00 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 3.40 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 30.50 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 1 102 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 650 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 3 699 000 000 | $ |
| Public debt | 38.00 | % of GDP |
Agriculture - products :
| citrus | grapes |
| olives | potatoes |
| sheep | tobacco |
Industries :
| agricultural processing | aluminum |
| consumer goods | steelmaking |
| tourism |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 2 864 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 18 600 000 | kWh |
| Oil Exports | 313 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 6 093 | bbl/day |
Currency-code :
EUR
Currency-name :
euro
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 362 000 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 735 000 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 13 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | me | |
| Internet Hosts | 3 245 | |
| Internet Users | 294 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 3 | |
| Heliports | 1 | |
| Roadways - total | 7 368 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 4 742 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 2 626 | km |
| Railways | 250 | km |
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