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Finland

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Background :

Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are a high standard of education, equality promotion, and national social security system; currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy. 

Location :

Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

64 00 N, 26 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 19.52
North 70.10
East 31.58
South 59.81

Area :

total 338 145 square km
land 303 815 square km
water 34 330 square km

Land boundaries :

total 2 654 km
Norway (no) 727 km
Sweden (se) 614 km
Russia (ru) 1 313 km

Coastline :

1250.00 km

Climate :

cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes 

Terrain :

mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 1 328 metres

Natural resources :

chromite copper
gold iron ore
lead limestone
nickel silver
timber zinc

Land use :

arable land 6.54 %
permanent crops 0.02 %
other 93.44 %

Irrigated land :

640 square km

current issues :

air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations 

international agreements :

Air Pollution Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants Air Pollution-Sulfur 85
Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
Antarctic Treaty Antarctic-Environmental Protocol
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources Biodiversity
Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Desertification Endangered Species
Environmental Modification Hazardous Wastes
Law of the Sea Marine Dumping
Marine Life Conservation Ozone Layer Protection
Ship Pollution Tropical Timber 83
Tropical Timber 94 Wetlands
Whaling

Population :

5 250 275 

Indicators :

Growth rate 0.10 %
Birth rate 10.38 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 1.73 children born/woman
Death rate 10.07 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate 0.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 16.40 %
15-64 years 66.80 %
65 years and over 16.80 %

Median age :

total 42.10 years
male 40.50 years
female 43.70 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.68 male(s)/female
total population 0.96 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 3.47 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 78.97 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 75.48 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 82.61 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.10 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 2 400
HIV-AIDS deaths 100

Religions :

Lutheran 82.50 %
Eastern Orthodox 1.10 %
other Christian 1.10 %
other 0.10 %
none 15.10 %

Languages :

Finnish 91.20 %
Swedish 5.50 %

Literacy :

total population 100.00 %
male 100.00 %
female 100.00 %

Country name :

conventional long form Republic of Finland
conventional short form Finland
local long form Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland
local short form Suomi/Finland

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 FI
ISO Numeric 246
ISO3 FIN
FIPS FI
ccTLD fi
English Finland

Administrative divisions :

6 provinces (laanit, singular - laani [Finnish]; lan, singular - lan [Swedish]); Ahvenanmaan Laani [Finnish long form], Aland [Finnish short form] (Aland); Etela-Suomen Laani [Finnish long form], Etela-Suomi [Finnish short form], Sodra Finlands Lan [Swedish long form], Ostra Finland [Swedish short form] (Southern Finland); Ita-Suomen Laani [Finnish long form], Ita Suomi [Finnish short form], Ostra Finlands Lan [Swedish long form], Ostra Finland [Swedish short form] (Eastern Finland); Lansi-Suomen Laani [Finnish long form], Lansi-Suomi [Finnish short form], Vastra Finlands Lan [Swedish long form], Vastra Finland [Swedish short form] (Western Finland); Lappi Laani [Finnish long form], Lappi [Finnish short form], Lapplands Lan [Swedish long form], Lappland [Swedish short form] (Lapland), Oulun Laani [Finnish long form], Oulu [Finnish short form], Uleaborgs Lan [Swedish long form], Uleaborg [Swedish short form] 

Capital :

name Helsinki
geographic coordinates 60 10 N, 24 56 E
time difference 2.00
daylight saving time 1

International organization participation :

ADB (nonregional member) AfDB (nonregional member)
Arctic Council Australia Group
BIS CBSS
CE CERN
EAPC EBRD
EIB EMU
ESA EU
FAO FATF
G-9 IADB
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICC
ICCt ICRM
IDA IEA
IFAD IFC
IFRCS IHO
ILO IMF
IMO IMSO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
ITUC Interpol
MIGA MINURCAT
NC NEA
NIB NSG
OAS (observer) OECD
OPCW OSCE
PCA PFP
Paris Club Schengen Convention
UN UNCTAD
UNESCO UNHCR
UNIDO UNMIL
UNMIS UNMOGIP
UNTSO UPU
WCO WEU (observer)
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO ZC

Independence :

1917-12-06 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1917-12-06

Executive branch :

President Tarja HALONEN Prime Minister Matti VANHANEN

Legislative branch :

Kesk 23.10 %
Kok 22.30 %
SDP 21.40 %
VAS 8.80 %
VIHR 8.50 %
KD 4.90 %
SFP 4.50 %
True Finns 4.10 %
other 3.40 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 181 400 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 238 200 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -7.60 %
PPP - per capita 34 900 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 3.40 %
industry 30.90 %
services 65.80 %

Labor force - by occupation :

industry 18.20 %
services 14.50 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 2 680 000 people
Unemployment rate 8.50 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 29.50
Investment (gross fixed) 19.00 % of GDP
Current account balance 970 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 8 635 000 000 $
Debt external 364 900 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 116 300 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 85 340 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 369 200 000 000 $
Military expenditures 2.00 % of GDP
Public debt 41.40 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 3.60 %
highest 10% 24.70 %

Budget :

revenues 115 700 000 000 $
expenditures 122 600 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

barley dairy cattle
fish potatoes
sugar beets wheat

Industries :

chemicals clothing
electronics foodstuffs
machinery and scientific instruments metal and metal products
paper pulp
shipbuilding textiles

Energy :

Electricity Production 77 440 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 87 250 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 3 335 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 16 110 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 9 789 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 201 200 bbl/day
Oil Exports 130 500 bbl/day
Oil Imports 337 900 bbl/day
Natural gas Consumption 4 501 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 4 500 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

57 880 000 000 $

Commodities :

basic metals chemicals
electrical optical equipment machinery
paper and pulp timber
transportation equipment

Value :

54 100 000 000 $

Commodities :

chemicals foodstuffs
grain iron and steel
machinery petroleum and petroleum products
textile yarn and fabrics transportation equipment

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 1 650 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 6 830 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 59
Television broadcast stations 120
Internet Country code (ccTLD) fi
Internet Hosts 4 205 000
Internet Users 4 383 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 75
Pipelines - gas 694 km
Roadways - total 78 141 km
Roadways - expressways 700 km
Roadways - paved 50 914 km
Roadways - unpaved 27 227 km
Railways 5 794 km
Waterways 7 842 km

Photos

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