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Tonga

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Background :

Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. 

Location :

Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

20 00 S, 175 00 W  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West -175.68
North -15.56
East -173.91
South -21.46

Area :

total 747 square km
land 717 square km
water 30 square km

Coastline :

419.00 km

Climate :

tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) 

Terrain :

most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 1 033 metres

Natural resources :

fertile soils fish

Land use :

arable land 20.00 %
permanent crops 14.67 %
other 65.33 %

Natural hazards :

cyclones earthquakes
volcanic activity

current issues :

deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Law of the Sea Marine Dumping
Marine Life Conservation Ozone Layer Protection
Ship Pollution

Population :

120 898 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.48 %
Birth rate 19.84 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 2.25 children born/woman
Death rate 5.02 deaths/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 32.80 %
15-64 years 62.90 %
65 years and over 4.30 %

Median age :

total 22.30 years
male 21.80 years
female 22.80 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.71 male(s)/female
total population 0.99 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 11.58 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 70.73 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 68.18 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 73.41 years

Languages :

Tongan  
English  

Literacy :

total population 98.90 %
male 98.80 %
female 99.00 %

Country name :

conventional long form Kingdom of Tonga
conventional short form Tonga
local long form Pule'anga Tonga
local short form Tonga
former Friendly Islands

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 TO
ISO Numeric 776
ISO3 TON
FIPS TN
ccTLD to
English Tonga

Administrative divisions :

3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u 

Capital :

name Nuku'alofa
geographic coordinates 21 08 S, 175 12 W
time difference 13.00

International organization participation :

ACP ADB
AOSIS C
FAO G-77
IBRD ICAO
ICRM IDA
IFAD IFC
IFRCS IHO
IMF IMO
IMSO IOC
ITU ITUC
Interpol OPCW
PIF SPC
Sparteca UN
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNIDO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO

Independence :

1970-06-04 

National holiday :

Emancipation Day

1970-06-04

Executive branch :

King George TUPOU V Prime Minister Dr. Feleti SEVELE

Legislative branch :

THRDM 28.00 %
PDP 14.00 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 551 900 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 259 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -0.50 %
PPP - per capita 4 600 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 25.00 %
industry 17.00 %
services 57.00 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 31.80 %
industry 30.60 %
services 3.00 %

Other Indicators :

Unemployment rate 13.00 %
Population below poverty line 24.00 %
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5.90 %
Current account balance - 23 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 40 830 000 $
Debt external 80 700 000 $
Military expenditures 0.90 % of GDP

Budget :

revenues 80 480 000 $
expenditures 109 800 000 $

Agriculture - products :

bananas cocoa
coconuts coffee
copra fish
ginger pepper
squash vanilla beans

Industries :

construction fishing
tourism

Energy :

Electricity Production 43 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 39 990 000 kWh
Oil Consumption 1 000 bbl/day
Oil Imports 1 173 bbl/day

Value :

22 000 000 $

Partners :

United States (us) 28.20 %
Japan (jp) 11.40 %
NZ 11.40 %
Tawian 9.50 %
Fiji (fj) 6.80 %
Samoa (ws) 5.70 %
Australia (au) 4.60 %
South Korea 4.20 %
Hong Kong (hk) 4.10 %

Commodities :

fish root crops
squash vanilla beans

Value :

139 000 000 $

Partners :

Fiji (fj) 36.90 %
NZ 24.00 %
United States (us) 9.30 %
Australia (au) 8.90 %
China (cn) 5.00 %

Commodities :

chemicals foodstuffs
fuels machinery and transportation equipment

Currency-name :

pa'anga 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 25 500
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 50 500
FM Radio broadcast stations 4
Television broadcast stations 3
Internet Country code (ccTLD) to
Internet Hosts 20 107
Internet Users 8 400

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 1
Roadways - total 680 km
Roadways - paved 184 km
Roadways - unpaved 496 km

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