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Sao Tome and Principe

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Background :

Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling between the various political party's precipitated repeated changes in leadership and two failed coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea promises to attract increased attention to the small island nation. 

Location :

Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

1 00 N, 7 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 6.47
North 1.70
East 7.47
South 0.02

Area :

total 964 square km
land 964 square km
water 0 square km

Coastline :

209.00 km

Climate :

tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) 

Terrain :

volcanic, mountainous 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 2 024 metres

Natural resources :

fish hydropower

Land use :

arable land 8.33 %
permanent crops 48.96 %
other 42.71 %

Irrigated land :

100 square km

current issues :

deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Environmental Modification
Law of the Sea Ozone Layer Protection
Ship Pollution Wetlands

Population :

212 679 

Indicators :

Growth rate 3.09 %
Birth rate 38.54 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 5.33 children born/woman
Death rate 5.80 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -1.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 46.90 %
15-64 years 49.70 %
65 years and over 3.50 %

Median age :

total 16.40 years
male 15.90 years
female 17.00 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.82 male(s)/female
total population 0.98 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 37.12 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 68.32 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 66.65 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 70.04 years

Religions :

Catholic 70.30 %
Evangelical 3.40 %
New Apostolic 2.00 %
Seventh-Day Adventist 1.80 %
other 3.10 %
none 19.40 %

Languages :

Portuguese  

Literacy :

total population 84.90 %
male 92.20 %
female 77.90 %

Country name :

conventional long form Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
conventional short form Sao Tome and Principe
local long form Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe
local short form Sao Tome e Principe

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 ST
ISO Numeric 678
ISO3 STP
FIPS TP
ccTLD st
English Sao Tome and Principe

Administrative divisions :

2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome| 

Capital :

name Sao Tome
geographic coordinates 0 12 N, 6 39 E
time difference 0.00

International organization participation :

ACP AOSIS
AU AfDB
CPLP FAO
G-77 IBRD
ICAO ICCt (signatory)
ICRM IDA
IFAD IFC
IFRCS ILO
IMF IMO
IOC IOM (observer)
IPU ITU
ITUC Interpol
NAM OIF
OPCW UN
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNIDO UNWTO
UPU Union Latina
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO (observer)

Independence :

1975-07-12 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1975-07-12

Executive branch :

President Fradique Bandiera Melo DE MENEZES Prime Minister Joachim Rafael BRANCO

Legislative branch :

MDFM-PCD 37.20 %
MLSTP 28.90 %
ADI 20.00 %
NR 4.70 %
others 9.20 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 292 500 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 189 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 4.30 %
PPP - per capita 1 400 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 14.30 %
industry 15.10 %
services 70.70 %

Other Indicators :

Population below poverty line 54.00 %
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 19.00 %
Investment (gross fixed) 34.20 % of GDP
Current account balance - 64 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 42 000 000 $
Debt external 318 000 000 $
Military expenditures 0.80 % of GDP

Budget :

revenues 42 500 000 $
expenditures 50 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

bananas beans
cinnamon cocoa
coconuts coffee
copra fish
palm kernels papayas
pepper poultry

Industries :

beer fish processing
light construction soap
textiles timber

Energy :

Electricity Production 19 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 17 670 000 kWh
Oil Consumption 1 000 bbl/day
Oil Imports 725 bbl/day

Value :

8 000 000 $

Commodities :

cocoa coffee
copra palm oil

Value :

91 000 000 $

Commodities :

food products machinery and electrical equipment
petroleum products

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 7 700
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 49 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 5
Television broadcast stations 2
Internet Country code (ccTLD) st
Internet Hosts 1 345
Internet Users 24 800

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 2
Roadways - total 320 km
Roadways - paved 218 km
Roadways - unpaved 102 km

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