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Liechtenstein

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Background :

The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719. Occupied by both French and Russian troops during the Napoleonic wars, it became a sovereign state in 1806 and joined the Germanic Confederation in 1815. Liechtenstein became fully independent in 1866 when the Confederation dissolved. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. In 2000, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight resulted in concerns about the use of financial institutions for money laundering. However, Liechtenstein implemented anti-money-laundering legislation and a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the US that went into effect in 2003. 

Location :

Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

47 16 N, 9 32 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 9.48
North 47.27
East 9.63
South 47.06

Area :

total 160 square km
land 160 square km
water 0 square km

Coastline :

0.00 km

Climate :

continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers 

Terrain :

mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 430 metres
highest point 2 599 metres

Natural resources :

arable land hydroelectric potential

Land use :

arable land 25.00 %
permanent crops 0.00 %
other 75.00 %

international agreements :

Air Pollution Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants Air Pollution-Sulfur 85
Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Hazardous Wastes
Law of the Sea Ozone Layer Protection
Wetlands

Population :

34 761 

Indicators :

Growth rate 0.70 %
Birth rate 9.75 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 1.52 children born/woman
Death rate 7.39 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate 4.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 16.60 %
15-64 years 69.40 %
65 years and over 13.90 %

Median age :

total 41.00 years
male 40.40 years
female 41.50 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.01 male(s)/female
under 15 years 0.99 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.76 male(s)/female
total population 0.94 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 4.25 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 80.06 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 76.59 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 83.53 years

Religions :

Roman Catholic 76.20 %
Protestant 7.00 %
unknown 10.60 %
other 6.20 %

Languages :

German  
Melanesian-Polynesian dialects  

Literacy :

total population 100.00 %
male 100.00 %
female 100.00 %

Country name :

conventional long form Principality of Liechtenstein
conventional short form Liechtenstein
local long form Fuerstentum Liechtenstein
local short form Liechtenstein

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 LI
ISO Numeric 438
ISO3 LIE
FIPS LS
ccTLD li
English Liechtenstein

Administrative divisions :

11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz 

Capital :

name Vaduz
geographic coordinates 47 08 N, 9 31 E
time difference 1.00
daylight saving time 1

International organization participation :

CE EBRD
EFTA IAEA
ICCt ICRM
IFRCS IOC
IPU ITSO
ITU ITUC
Interpol OPCW
OSCE PCA
Schengen Convention (de facto m) UN
UNCTAD UPU
WIPO WTO

Independence :

1719-01-23 

National holiday :

Assumption Day

2010-08-15

Executive branch :

Prince HANS ADAM II

Legislative branch :

VU 47.60 %
FBP 43.50 %
FL 8.90 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 4 160 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 4 993 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 3.10 %
PPP - per capita 122 100 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 8.00 %
industry 39.00 %
services 54.00 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 1.70 %
industry 43.50 %
services 55.40 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 32 440 people
Unemployment rate 1.50 %
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.00 %

Budget :

revenues 424 200 000 $
expenditures 414 100 000 $

Agriculture - products :

barley corn
dairy livestock
potatoes wheat

Industries :

ceramics dental products
electronics food products
metal manufacturing optical instruments
pharmaceuticals precision instruments
tourism

Value :

2 470 000 000 $

Commodities :

connectors for audio and video dental products
electronic equipment hardware
optical products parts for motor vehicles
prepared foodstuffs small specialty machinery

Value :

917 300 000 $

Commodities :

agricultural products energy products
foodstuffs machinery
metal products motor vehicles
raw materials textiles

Currency-name :

Swiss franc 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 19 600
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 34 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 4
Internet Country code (ccTLD) li
Internet Hosts 9 287
Internet Users 23 000

Transportation :

Pipelines - gas 20 km
Roadways - total 380 km
Roadways - paved 380 km
Waterways 28 km

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