* βeta

Vietnam

X

Background :

The conquest of Vietnam by France began in 1858 and was completed by 1884. It became part of French Indochina in 1887. Vietnam declared independence after World War II, but France continued to rule until its 1954 defeat by Communist forces under Ho Chi MINH. Under the Geneva Accords of 1954, Vietnam was divided into the Communist North and anti-Communist South. US economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Two years later, North Vietnamese forces overran the South reuniting the country under Communist rule. Despite the return of peace, for over a decade the country experienced little economic growth because of conservative leadership policies, the persecution and mass exodus of individuals - many of them successful South Vietnamese merchants - and growing international isolation. However, since the enactment of Vietnam's "doi moi" (renovation) policy in 1986, Vietnamese authorities have committed to increased economic liberalization and enacted structural reforms needed to modernize the economy and to produce more competitive, export-driven industries. The country continues to experience small-scale protests from various groups, the vast majority connected to land-use issues and the lack of equitable mechanisms for resolving disputes. Various ethnic minorities, such as the Montagnards of the Central Highlands and the Khmer Krom in the southern delta region, have also held protests. In January 2008, Vietnam assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2008-09 term. 

Location :

Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, alongside China, Laos, and Cambodia 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

16 10 N, 107 50 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 102.15
North 23.39
East 109.46
South 8.56

Area :

total 331 210 square km
land 310 070 square km
water 21 140 square km

Land boundaries :

total 4 639 km
Cambodia (kh) 1 228 km
China (cn) 1 281 km
Laos (la) 2 130 km

Coastline :

3444.00 km

Climate :

tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March) 

Terrain :

low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 3 144 metres

Natural resources :

bauxite chromate
coal forests
hydropower manganese
offshore oil and gas deposits phosphates

Land use :

arable land 20.14 %
permanent crops 6.93 %
other 72.93 %

Irrigated land :

30 000 square km

Natural hazards :

flooding typhoons

current issues :

logging and slash-and-burn agricultural practices contribute to deforestation and soil degradation; water pollution and overfishing threaten marine life populations; groundwater contamination limits potable water supply; growing urban industrialization and population migration are rapidly degrading environment in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Environmental Modification
Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Wetlands

Population :

88 576 758 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.14 %
Birth rate 17.73 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 1.98 children born/woman
Death rate 5.98 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 26.10 %
15-64 years 68.30 %
65 years and over 5.60 %

Median age :

total 27.40 years
male 26.40 years
female 28.50 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.08 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.63 male(s)/female
total population 0.98 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 22.26 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 71.71 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 69.24 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 74.45 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.50 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 290 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 24 000

Religions :

Buddhist 9.30 %
Catholic 6.70 %
Hoa Hao 1.50 %
Cao Dai 1.10 %
Protestant 0.50 %
Muslim 0.10 %
none 80.80 %

Languages :

Vietnamese  
English  
French  
Chinese  
Khmer  

Literacy :

total population 90.30 %
male 93.90 %
female 86.90 %

Country name :

conventional long form Socialist Republic of Vietnam
conventional short form Vietnam
local long form Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam
local short form Viet Nam

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 VN
ISO Numeric 704
ISO3 VNM
FIPS VM
ccTLD vn
English Vietnam

Administrative divisions :

58 provinces (tinh, singular and plural) and 5 municipalities (thanh pho, singular and plural)||provinces:|An Giang, Bac Giang, Bac Kan, Bac Lieu, Bac Ninh, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Ben Tre, Binh Dinh, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Binh Thuan, Ca Mau, Cao Bang, Dac Lak, Dac Nong, Dien Bien, Dong Nai, Dong Thap, Gia Lai, Ha Giang, Ha Nam, Ha Tinh, Hai Duong, Hau Giang, Hoa Binh, Hung Yen, Khanh Hoa, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Long An, Nam Dinh, Nghe An, Ninh Binh, Ninh Thuan, Phu Tho, Phu Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Soc Trang, Son La, Tay Ninh, Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen, Thanh Hoa, Thua Thien-Hue, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, Tuyen Quang, Vinh Long, Vinh Phuc, Yen Bai||municipalities:|Can Tho, Da Nang, Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City 

Capital :

name Hanoi
geographic coordinates 21 02 N, 105 51 E
time difference 7.00

International organization participation :

ADB APEC
APT ARF
ASEAN CICA (observer)
CP EAS
FAO G-77
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICRM
IDA IFAD
IFC IFRCS
ILO IMF
IMO IMSO
IOC IOM
IPU ISO
ITSO ITU
Interpol MIGA
NAM OIF
OPCW UN
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNIDO UNWTO
UPU WCO
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO

Independence :

1945-09-02 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1945-09-02

Executive branch :

President Nguyen Minh TRIET Prime Minister Nguyen Tan DUNG

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 258 200 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 91 760 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 5.30 %
PPP - per capita 2 900 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 20.70 %
industry 40.30 %
services 39.10 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 51.80 %
industry 15.40 %
services 32.70 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 43 870 000 people
Unemployment rate 2.90 %
Population below poverty line 12.30 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 37.00
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 6.90 %
Investment (gross fixed) 42.50 % of GDP
Current account balance - 9 170 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 15 100 000 000 $
Debt external 31 000 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 7 700 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 47 370 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 9 589 000 000 $
Military expenditures 2.50 % of GDP
Public debt 52.30 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 3.10 %
highest 10% 29.80 %

Budget :

revenues 21 890 000 000 $
expenditures 30 420 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

bananas cashews
coffee cotton
fish paddy rice
peanuts pepper
poultry rubber
seafood soya
sugarcane tea

Industries :

cement chemical fertilizer
coal food processing
garments glass
machine building mining
oil paper
shoes steel
tires

Energy :

Electricity Production 86 900 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 74 500 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 535 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 3 850 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 305 000 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 276 400 bbl/day
Oil Exports 29 400 bbl/day
Oil Imports 134 200 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 4 000 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 7 900 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 8 100 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 380 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 610 000 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

56 550 000 000 $

Commodities :

coffee crude oil
garments marine products
rice rubber
shoes tea

Value :

68 800 000 000 $

Partners :

China (cn) 22.40 %
Singapore (sg) 13.40 %
Tawian 12.00 %
South Korea 10.10 %
Thailand (th) 7.00 %

Commodities :

cement fertilizer
grain machinery and equipment
motorcycles petroleum products
raw cotton steel products

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 29 591 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 70 000 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 7
Television broadcast stations 67
Internet Country code (ccTLD) vn
Internet Hosts 170 689
Internet Users 20 834 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 37
Heliports 1
Pipelines - gas 42 km
Pipelines - refined products 206 km
Roadways - total 222 179 km
Roadways - paved 42 167 km
Roadways - unpaved 180 012 km
Railways 2 347 km
Waterways 17 702 km

Photos

=  
Powered by Google App Engine  | Photos provided by Panoramio Logo are under the copyright of their owners   | 
♦ geognos.com ©®™2010 ♦ Visualizations by Google Visualization API  | Dynamic maps by Google Maps API v3  | Dynamic translations by Google AJAX Language API