* βeta

Myanmar

X

Background :

Britain conquered Burma over a period of 62 years (1824-1886) and incorporated it into its Indian Empire. Burma was administered as a province of India until 1937 when it became a separate, self-governing colony; independence from the Commonwealth was attained in 1948. Gen. NE WIN dominated the government from 1962 to 1988, first as military ruler, then as self-appointed president, and later as political kingpin. In September 1988, the military deposed NE WIN and established a new ruling junta. Despite multiparty legislative elections in 1990 that resulted in the main opposition party - the National League for Democracy (NLD) - winning a landslide victory, the junta refused to hand over power. NLD leader and Nobel Peace Prize recipient AUNG SAN SUU KYI, who was under house arrest from 1989 to 1995 and 2000 to 2002, was imprisoned in May 2003 and subsequently transferred to house arrest. After the ruling junta in August 2007 unexpectedly increased fuel prices, tens of thousands of Burmese marched in protest, led by prodemocracy activists and Buddhist monks. In late September 2007, the government brutally suppressed the protests, killing at least 13 people and arresting thousands for participating in the demonstrations. Since then, the regime has continued to raid homes and monasteries and arrest persons suspected of participating in the pro-democracy protests. The junta appointed Labor Minister AUNG KYI in October 2007 as liaison to AUNG SAN SUU KYI, who remains under house arrest and virtually incommunicado with her party and supporters. Burma in early May 2008 was struck by Cyclone Nargis which official estimates claimed left over 80,000 dead and 50,000 injured. Despite this tragedy, the junta proceeded with its May constitutional referendum, the first vote in Burma since 1990, setting the stage for the 2010 parliamentary elections. AUNG SAN SUU KYI's house arrest was due to end in May 2009, but was extended for eighteen months after she was convicted for violating the terms of her house arrest. 

Location :

Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

22 00 N, 98 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 92.19
North 28.54
East 101.18
South 9.78

Area :

total 676 578 square km
land 653 508 square km
water 23 070 square km

Land boundaries :

total 5 876 km
Bangladesh (bd) 193 km
China (cn) 2 185 km
India (in) 1 463 km
Laos (la) 235 km
Thailand (th) 1 800 km

Coastline :

1930.00 km

Climate :

tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April) 

Terrain :

central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 5 881 metres

Natural resources :

antimony coal
copper hydropower
lead limestone
marble natural gas
petroleum precious stones
timber tin
tungsten zinc

Land use :

arable land 14.92 %
permanent crops 1.31 %
other 83.77 %

Irrigated land :

18 700 square km

Natural hazards :

cyclones destructive earthquakes
flooding lides
periodic droughts

current issues :

deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water; inadequate sanitation and water treatment contribute to disease 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Law of the Sea
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Tropical Timber 83 Tropical Timber 94

Population :

48 137 741 

Indicators :

Growth rate 0.78 %
Birth rate 16.97 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 1.89 children born/woman
Death rate 9.14 deaths/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 25.30 %
15-64 years 69.30 %
65 years and over 5.40 %

Median age :

total 28.20 years
male 27.70 years
female 28.80 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.75 male(s)/female
total population 0.98 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 47.61 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 63.39 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 61.17 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 65.74 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.70 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 240 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 25 000

Religions :

Buddhist 89.00 %
Christian 4.00 %
Muslim 4.00 %
animist 1.00 %
other 2.00 %

Languages :

Burmese  

Literacy :

total population 89.90 %
male 93.90 %
female 86.40 %

Country name :

conventional long form Union of Burma
conventional short form Burma
local long form Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw
local short form Myanma Naingngandaw
former Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 MM
ISO Numeric 104
ISO3 MMR
FIPS BM
ccTLD mm
English Myanmar

Administrative divisions :

7 divisions (taing-myar, singular - taing) and 7 states* (pyi ne-myar, singular - pyi ne)||divisions:|Ayeyarwady, Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Tanintharyi, Yangon||states:|Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine (Arakan), Shan 

Capital :

name Rangoon
geographic coordinates 16 48 N, 96 09 E
time difference 6.50

International organization participation :

ADB APT
ARF ASEAN
BIMSTEC CP
EAS FAO
G-77 IAEA
IBRD ICAO
ICRM IDA
IFAD IFC
IFRCS IHO
ILO IMF
IMO IOC
ISO (correspondent) ITU
Interpol NAM
OPCW (signatory) SAARC (observer)
UN UNCTAD
UNESCO UNIDO
UPU WCO
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO

Independence :

1948-01-04 

National holiday :

Independence Day 1948-01-04
Union Day 1947-02-12

Executive branch :

Prime Minister THEIN SEIN

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 56 490 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 26 520 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate 1.00 %
PPP - per capita 1 200 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 42.90 %
industry 19.80 %
services 37.30 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 70.00 %
industry 7.00 %
services 23.00 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 30 850 000 people
Unemployment rate 4.90 %
Population below poverty line 32.70 %
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 7.70 %
Investment (gross fixed) 14.60 % of GDP
Current account balance 924 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 3 561 000 000 $
Debt external 7 373 000 000 $
Military expenditures 2.10 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 2.80 %
highest 10% 32.40 %

Budget :

revenues 1 142 000 000 $
expenditures 2 354 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

beans fish
fish hardwood
peanuts pulses
rice sesame
sugarcane

Industries :

agricultural processing cement
construction materials copper
fertilizer garments
gems iron
jade oil and natural gas
pharmaceuticals tin
tungsten wood and wood products

Energy :

Electricity Production 6 286 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 4 403 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 22 120 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 41 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 2 200 bbl/day
Oil Imports 18 250 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 50 000 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 12 400 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 3 850 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Exports 8 550 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 283 200 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

6 504 000 000 $

Commodities :

beans clothing
fish jade and gems
natural gas pulses
rice wood products

Value :

3 555 000 000 $

Commodities :

cement construction materials
edible oils fertilizer
food products machinery
petroleum petroleum products
plastics textiles
transportation equipment

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 829 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 375 800
FM Radio broadcast stations 2
Television broadcast stations 4
Internet Country code (ccTLD) mm
Internet Hosts 128
Internet Users 108 900

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 37
Heliports 5
Pipelines - gas 2 228 km
Pipelines - oil 558 km
Roadways - total 27 000 km
Roadways - paved 3 200 km
Roadways - unpaved 23 800 km
Railways 3 955 km
Waterways 12 800 km

Photos

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