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Macedonia

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Background :

Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991, but Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols delayed international recognition, which occurred under the provisional designation of "the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia." In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations. The United States began referring to Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia, in 2004 and negotiations continue between Greece and Macedonia to resolve the name issue. Some ethnic Albanians, angered by perceived political and economic inequities, launched an insurgency in 2001 that eventually won the support of the majority of Macedonia's Albanian population and led to the internationally-brokered Ohrid Framework Agreement, which ended the fighting by establishing a set of new laws enhancing the rights of minorities. Fully implementing the Framework Agreement and stimulating economic growth and development continue to be challenges for Macedonia, although progress has been made on both fronts over the past several years. 

Location :

Southeastern Europe, north of Greece 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

41 50 N, 22 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 20.46
North 42.36
East 23.04
South 40.86

Area :

total 25 713 square km
land 25 433 square km
water 280 square km

Land boundaries :

total 766 km
Albania (al) 151 km
Bulgaria (bg) 148 km
Greece (gr) 246 km
Kosovo 159 km
Serbia (rs) 62 km

Coastline :

0.00 km

Climate :

warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall 

Terrain :

mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 50 metres
highest point 2 764 metres

Natural resources :

arable land asbestos
chromite copper
gold gypsum
lead low-grade iron ore
manganese nickel
silver timber
tungsten zinc

Land use :

arable land 22.01 %
permanent crops 1.79 %
other 76.20 %

Irrigated land :

550 square km

Natural hazards :

seismic risks

current issues :

air pollution from metallurgical plants 

international agreements :

Air Pollution Biodiversity
Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Desertification Endangered Species
Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea
Ozone Layer Protection Wetlands

Population :

2 066 718 

Indicators :

Growth rate 0.26 %
Birth rate 11.97 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 1.58 children born/woman
Death rate 8.83 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate -0.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 19.20 %
15-64 years 69.40 %
65 years and over 11.40 %

Median age :

total 35.10 years
male 34.10 years
female 36.20 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.08 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.08 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.77 male(s)/female
total population 1.00 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 9.01 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 74.68 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 72.18 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 77.38 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.10 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 200
HIV-AIDS deaths 100

Religions :

Orthodox 64.70 %
Muslim 33.30 %
other Christian 0.37 %
other 1.63 %

Languages :

Macedonian 66.50 %
Albanian 25.10 %
Turkish 3.50 %
Roma 1.90 %
Serbian 1.20 %

Literacy :

total population 96.10 %
male 98.20 %
female 94.10 %

Country name :

conventional long form Republic of Macedonia
conventional short form Macedonia
local long form Republika Makedonija
local short form Makedonija

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 MK
ISO Numeric 807
ISO3 MKD
FIPS MK
ccTLD mk
English Macedonia

Administrative divisions :

84 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Aerodrom (Skopje), Aracinovo, Berovo, Bitola, Bogdanci, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Butel (Skopje), Cair (Skopje), Caska, Centar (Skopje), Centar Zupa, Cesinovo, Cucer Sandevo, Debar, Debarca, Delcevo, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dojran, Dolneni, Dorce Petrov (Gjorce Petrov) (Skopje), Drugovo, Gazi Baba (Skopje), Gevgelija, Gostivar, Gradsko, Ilinden, Jegunovce, Karbinci, Karpos (Skopje), Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kisela Voda (Skopje), Kocani, Konce, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovo i Rostusa, Mogila, Negotino, Novaci, Novo Selo, Ohrid, Oslomej, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnica, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Saraj (Skopje), Sopiste, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Suto Orizari (Skopje), Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vranestica, Vrapciste, Zajas, Zelenikovo, Zelino, Zrnovci| 

Capital :

name Skopje
geographic coordinates 42 00 N, 21 26 E
time difference 1.00
daylight saving time 1

International organization participation :

BIS CE
CEI EAPC
EBRD FAO
IAEA IBRD
ICAO ICCt
ICRM IDA
IFAD IFC
IFRCS ILO
IMF IMO
IOC IOM (observer)
IPU ISO
ITU ITUC
Interpol MIGA
OIF OPCW
OSCE PCA
PFP SECI
UN UNCTAD
UNESCO UNHCR
UNIDO UNIFIL
UNWTO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO

Independence :

1991-09-08 

National holiday :

Ilinden Uprising Day

1903-08-02

Executive branch :

President Gjorge IVANOV Prime Minister Nikola GRUEVSKI

Legislative branch :

VMRO-DPMNE-led block 49.00 %
SDSM-led block 24.00 %
BDI/DUI 13.00 %
PDSh/DPA 8.00 %
other 6.00 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 18 770 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 8 825 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -1.50 %
PPP - per capita 9 000 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 11.90 %
industry 29.90 %
services 58.20 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 18.60 %
industry 29.50 %
services 51.90 %

Other Indicators :

Unemployment rate 31.70 %
Population below poverty line 28.70 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 39.00
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -0.80 %
Investment (gross fixed) 19.50 % of GDP
Current account balance - 798 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2 290 000 000 $
Debt external 5 458 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 3 528 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 2 438 000 000 $
Military expenditures 6.00 % of GDP
Public debt 32.40 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 2.40 %
highest 10% 29.60 %

Budget :

expenditures 3 236 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

eggs fruits
grapes milk
tobacco vegetables
wine

Industries :

beverages cement
chemicals energy
food processing iron
pharmaceuticals steel
textiles

Energy :

Electricity Production 6 162 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 7 797 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 1 635 000 000 kWh
Oil Consumption 14 200 bbl/day
Oil Exports 4 672 bbl/day
Oil Imports 20 000 bbl/day
Natural gas Consumption 80 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Imports 82 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

3 035 000 000 $

Partners :

Serbia and Montenegro 20.10 %
Germany (de) 15.10 %
Greece (gr) 12.30 %
Bulgaria (bg) 9.90 %
Italy (it) 8.70 %
Croatia (hr) 6.40 %

Commodities :

beverages food
iron and steel manufactures
textiles tobacco

Value :

4 942 000 000 $

Partners :

Germany (de) 13.20 %
Greece (gr) 12.30 %
Bulgaria (bg) 9.80 %
Serbia and Montenegro 6.90 %
Italy (it) 6.20 %
Turkey (tr) 5.60 %
Slovenia (si) 5.20 %
Poland (pl) 4.30 %

Commodities :

automobiles chemicals
food products fuels
machinery and equipment

Currency-name :

Macedonian denar 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 457 100
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 2 502 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 68
Television broadcast stations 76
Internet Country code (ccTLD) mk
Internet Hosts 57 763
Internet Users 847 900

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 10
Pipelines - gas 268 km
Pipelines - oil 120 km
Roadways - total 13 182 km
Roadways - expressways 208 km
Railways 699 km

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