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Cambodia

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Background :

Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire, ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863 and it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In April 1975, after a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy under a coalition government. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Some of the surviving Khmer Rouge leaders are awaiting trial for crimes against humanity by a hybrid UN-Cambodian tribunal supported by international assistance. Elections in July 2003 were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. In October 2004, King Norodom SIHANOUK abdicated the throne and his son, Prince Norodom SIHAMONI, was selected to succeed him. Local elections were held in Cambodia in April 2007, and there was little in the way of pre-election violence that preceded prior elections. National elections in July 2008 were relatively peaceful. 

Location :

Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

13 00 N, 105 00 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 102.34
North 14.69
East 107.63
South 10.41

Area :

total 181 035 square km
land 176 515 square km
water 4 520 square km

Land boundaries :

total 2 572 km
Laos (la) 541 km
Thailand (th) 803 km
Vietnam (vn) 1 228 km

Coastline :

443.00 km

Climate :

tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation 

Terrain :

mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 0 metres
highest point 1 810 metres

Natural resources :

gas gemstones
hydropower potential iron ore
manganese oil
phosphates timber

Land use :

arable land 20.44 %
permanent crops 0.59 %
other 78.97 %

Irrigated land :

2 700 square km

Natural hazards :

droughts flooding
monsoonal rains

current issues :

illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Hazardous Wastes
Law of the Sea Marine Life Conservation
Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution
Tropical Timber 94 Wetlands
Whaling

Population :

14 494 293 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.76 %
Birth rate 25.73 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 3.04 children born/woman
Death rate 8.08 deaths/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 32.60 %
15-64 years 63.80 %
65 years and over 3.60 %

Median age :

total 22.10 years
male 21.40 years
female 22.80 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.60 male(s)/female
total population 0.96 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 54.79 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 62.10 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 60.03 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 64.27 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.80 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 75 000
HIV-AIDS deaths 6 900

Religions :

Buddhist 96.40 %
Muslim 2.10 %
other 1.30 %
unspecified 0.20 %

Languages :

Khmer 95.00 %
French  
English  

Literacy :

total population 73.60 %
male 84.70 %
female 64.10 %

Country name :

conventional long form Kingdom of Cambodia
conventional short form Cambodia
local long form Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea
local short form Kampuchea
former Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 KH
ISO Numeric 116
ISO3 KHM
FIPS CB
ccTLD kh
English Cambodia

Administrative divisions :

23 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 1 municipality (krong, singular and plural)||provinces:|Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb, Krachen, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pailin, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev||municipalities:|Phnum Penh (Phnom Penh) 

Capital :

name Phnom Penh
geographic coordinates 11 33 N, 104 55 E
time difference 7.00

International organization participation :

ACCT ADB
APT ARF
ASEAN EAS
FAO G-77
IBRD ICAO
ICCt ICRM
IDA IFAD
IFC IFRCS
ILO IMF
IMO IOC
IOM IPU
ISO (subscriber) ITU
Interpol MIGA
NAM OIF
OPCW PCA
UN UNCTAD
UNESCO UNIDO
UNMIS UNWTO
UPU WCO
WFTU WHO
WIPO WMO
WTO

Independence :

1953-11-09 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1953-11-09

Executive branch :

King Norodom SIHAMONI Prime Minister HUN SEN

Legislative branch :

CPP 69.00 %
FUNCINPEC 21.00 %
SRP 10.00 %
CPP 58.00 %
SRP 22.00 %
HRP 7.00 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 27 920 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 10 900 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -1.50 %
PPP - per capita 1 900 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 29.00 %
industry 30.00 %
services 41.00 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 75.00 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 8 600 000 people
Unemployment rate 3.50 %
Population below poverty line 35.00 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 43.00
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -1.00 %
Investment (gross fixed) 21.20 % of GDP
Current account balance - 1 024 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2 951 000 000 $
Debt external 4 157 000 000 $
Military expenditures 3.00 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 3.00 %
highest 10% 34.20 %

Budget :

revenues 1 186 000 000 $
expenditures 1 748 000 000 $

Agriculture - products :

cashews corn
rice rubber
silk tapioca
vegetables

Industries :

cement construction
fishing garments
gem mining rice milling
rubber textiles
tourism wood and wood products

Energy :

Electricity Production 1 273 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 1 272 000 000 kWh
Electricity Imports 167 000 000 kWh
Oil Consumption 4 000 bbl/day
Oil Imports 30 970 bbl/day

Value :

3 582 000 000 $

Commodities :

clothing fish
footwear rice
rubber timber
tobacco

Value :

5 374 000 000 $

Partners :

Thailand (th) 27.10 %
Vietnam (vn) 19.20 %
China (cn) 14.70 %
Hong Kong (hk) 8.20 %
Singapore (sg) 7.00 %
Tawian 5.60 %

Commodities :

cigarettes construction materials
gold machinery
motor vehicles petroleum products
pharmaceutical products

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 45 100
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 4 237 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 50
Television broadcast stations 9
Internet Country code (ccTLD) kh
Internet Hosts 2 480
Internet Users 74 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 6
Heliports 1
Roadways - total 38 093 km
Roadways - paved 2 977 km
Roadways - unpaved 35 116 km
Railways 602 km
Waterways 2 400 km

Photos

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