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Israel

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Background :

Following World War II, the British withdrew from their mandate of Palestine, and the UN partitioned the area into Arab and Jewish states, an arrangement rejected by the Arabs. Subsequently, the Israelis defeated the Arabs in a series of wars without ending the deep tensions between the two sides. The territories Israel occupied since the 1967 war are not included in the Israel country profile, unless otherwise noted. On 25 April 1982, Israel withdrew from the Sinai pursuant to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. In keeping with the framework established at the Madrid Conference in October 1991, bilateral negotiations were conducted between Israel and Palestinian representatives and Syria to achieve a permanent settlement. Israel and Palestinian officials signed on 13 September 1993 a Declaration of Principles (also known as the "Oslo Accords") guiding an interim period of Palestinian self-rule. Outstanding territorial and other disputes with Jordan were resolved in the 26 October 1994 Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace. In addition, on 25 May 2000, Israel withdrew unilaterally from southern Lebanon, which it had occupied since 1982. In April 2003, US President BUSH, working in conjunction with the EU, UN, and Russia - the "Quartet" - took the lead in laying out a roadmap to a final settlement of the conflict by 2005, based on reciprocal steps by the two parties leading to two states, Israel and a democratic Palestine. However, progress toward a permanent status agreement was undermined by Israeli-Palestinian violence between September 2003 and February 2005. In the summer of 2005, Israel unilaterally disengaged from the Gaza Strip, evacuating settlers and its military while retaining control over most points of entry into the Gaza Strip. The election of HAMAS to head the Palestinian Legislative Council froze relations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA). Ehud OLMERT became prime minister in March 2006 and presided over a 34-day conflict with Hizballah in Lebanon in June-August 2006 and a 23-day conflict with Hamas in the Gaza Strip during December 2008 and January 2009. OLMERT, who in June 2007 resumed talks with PA President Mahmoud ABBAS, resigned in September 2008. Prime Minister Binyamin NETANYAHU formed a coalition in March 2009 following a February 2009 general election. Peace talks are currently stalled. 

Location :

Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon 

Geographic Coordinates Center :

31 30 N, 34 45 E  (Latitude, Longtitude)

Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :

West 34.23
North 33.34
East 35.88
South 29.50

Map references :

Middle East 

Area :

total 22 072 square km
land 21 642 square km
water 430 square km

Land boundaries :

total 1 017 km
Egypt (eg) 266 km
Gaza Strip 51 km
Jordan (jo) 238 km
Lebanon (lb) 79 km
Syria (sy) 76 km
West Bank 307 km

Coastline :

273.00 km

Climate :

temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas 

Terrain :

Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley 

Elevation extremes :

lowest point 408 metres
highest point 1 208 metres

Natural resources :

clay copper ore
magnesium bromide natural gas
phosphate rock potash
sand timber

Land use :

arable land 15.45 %
permanent crops 3.88 %
other 80.67 %

Irrigated land :

1 940 square km

Natural hazards :

droughts periodic earthquakes
torms

current issues :

limited arable land and natural fresh water resources pose serious constraints; desertification; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; groundwater pollution from industrial and domestic waste, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides 

international agreements :

Biodiversity Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification
Endangered Species Hazardous Wastes
Marine Life Conservation Ozone Layer Protection
Ship Pollution Wetlands
Whaling

Population :

7 233 701 

Indicators :

Growth rate 1.67 %
Birth rate 19.77 births/1,000 population
Total fertility rate 2.75 children born/woman
Death rate 5.43 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate 2.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Age structure :

0-14 years 27.90 %
15-64 years 62.30 %
65 years and over 9.90 %

Median age :

total 29.10 years
male 28.40 years
female 29.80 years

Sex ratio :

at birth 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.77 male(s)/female
total population 1.00 male(s)/female

Health :

Infant mortality rate 4.22 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population 80.73 years
Life expectancy at birth - male 78.62 years
Life expectancy at birth - female 82.95 years
HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate 0.10 %
HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS 5 100
HIV-AIDS deaths 200

Religions :

Jewish 76.40 %
Muslim 16.00 %
Christian 1.70 %
other Christian 0.40 %
Druze 1.60 %
unspecified 3.90 %

Languages :

Hebrew  
Arabic used officially for Arab minority  
English most commonly used foreign language  

Literacy :

total population 97.10 %
male 98.50 %
female 95.90 %

Country name :

conventional long form State of Israel
conventional short form Israel
local long form Medinat Yisra'el
local short form Yisra'el

Country Codes :

ISO 3166 IL
ISO Numeric 376
ISO3 ISR
FIPS IS
ccTLD il
English Israel

Administrative divisions :

6 districts (mehozot, singular - mehoz); Central, Haifa, Jerusalem, Northern, Southern, Tel Aviv 

Capital :

name Jerusalem
geographic coordinates 31 46 N, 35 14 E
time difference 2.00
daylight saving time 1

International organization participation :

BIS BSEC (observer)
CERN (observer) CICA
EBRD FAO
IADB IAEA
IBRD ICAO
ICC ICCt (signatory)
ICRM IDA
IFAD IFC
IFRCS ILO
IMF IMO
IMSO IOC
IOM IPU
ISO ITSO
ITU ITUC
Interpol MIGA
OAS (observer) OECD (accession state)
OPCW (signatory) OSCE (partner)
PCA Paris Club (associate)
SECI (observer) UN
UNCTAD UNESCO
UNHCR UNIDO
UNWTO UPU
WCO WFTU
WHO WIPO
WMO WTO

Independence :

1948-05-14 

National holiday :

Independence Day

1948-05-14

Executive branch :

President Shimon PERES Prime Minister Binyamin NETANYAHU

Legislative branch :

Kadima 23.20 %
Likud-Ahi 22.30 %
YB 12.10 %
Labor 10.20 %
SHAS 8.80 %
United Torah Judaism 4.50 %
United Arab List 3.50 %
NU 3.40 %
Hadash 3.40 %
The Jewish Home 3.00 %
The New Movement-Meretz 3.00 %
Balad 2.60 %

GDP - Gross Domestic product :

PPP - Purchasing Power Parity 205 200 000 000 $
Official Exchange Rate 215 700 000 000
RGR - Real Growth rate -0.30 %
PPP - per capita 28 400 $

GDP Composition by sector :

agriculture 2.60 %
industry 32.00 %
services 65.40 %

Labor force - by occupation :

agriculture 2.00 %
industry 16.00 %
services 82.00 %

Other Indicators :

Labor force 3 010 000 people
Unemployment rate 8.00 %
Population below poverty line 23.60 %
Distribution of family income - Gini index 39.20
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.40 %
Investment (gross fixed) 17.10 % of GDP
Current account balance 5 465 000 000 $
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 56 640 000 000 $
Debt external 84 690 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad 55 650 000 000 $
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home 60 680 000 000 $
Market value of publicly traded shares 134 500 000 000 $
Military expenditures 7.30 % of GDP
Public debt 83.90 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share :

lowest 10% 2.50 %
highest 10% 24.30 %

Budget :

revenues 54 100 000 000 $
expenditures 64 239 999 999 $

Agriculture - products :

beef citrus
cotton dairy
poultry vegetables

Industries :

aviation beverages
caustic soda cement
chemical products communications
computer aided design and manufactures construction
diamond cutting fiber optics
food footwear
high technology projects medical electronics
metal products phosphates
plastics potash
textiles tobacco
wood and paper products

Energy :

Electricity Production 50 410 000 000 kWh
Electricity Consumption 46 150 000 000 kWh
Electricity Exports 2 081 000 000 kWh
Oil Production 5 246 bbl/day
Oil Consumption 235 000 bbl/day
Oil Exports 69 580 bbl/day
Oil Imports 318 900 bbl/day
Oil Proved reserves 1 940 000 bbl
Natural gas Production 1 190 000 000 cubic metres
Natural gas Consumption 1 190 000 000 cubic metres
Electricity Exports 30 440 000 000 cubic metres

Value :

44 350 000 000 $

Commodities :

agricultural products chemicals
cut diamonds machinery and equipment
software textiles and apparel

Value :

47 400 000 000 $

Commodities :

consumer products fuels
grain investment products
military equipment raw materials
rough diamonds

Currency-name :

new Israeli shekel 

Communications :

Telephons Main lines in use 2 900 000
Telephons Mobile, Cellular 8 902 000
FM Radio broadcast stations 15
Television broadcast stations 17
Internet Country code (ccTLD) il
Internet Hosts 1 544 000
Internet Users 2 106 000

Transportation :

Airports with paved runways 30
Heliports 3
Pipelines - gas 176 km
Pipelines - oil 442 km
Pipelines - refined products 261 km
Roadways - total 18 096 km
Roadways - expressways 146 km
Roadways - paved 180 960 km
Railways 949 km

Photos

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