* βeta
Hungary
Background :
Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under Communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and an announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004.
Location :
Central Europe, northwest of Romania
Geographic Coordinates Center :
47 00 N, 20 00 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 16.11 |
| North | 48.59 |
| East | 22.91 |
| South | 45.74 |
Map references :
Europe
Area :
| total | 93 028 | square km |
| land | 89 608 | square km |
| water | 3 420 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 2 185 | km |
| Austria (at) | 366 | km |
| Croatia (hr) | 329 | km |
| Romania (ro) | 443 | km |
| Serbia (rs) | 166 | km |
| Slovakia (sk) | 676 | km |
| Slovenia (si) | 102 | km |
| Ukraine (ua) | 103 | km |
Coastline :
0.00 km
Climate :
temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers
Terrain :
mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 78 | metres |
| highest point | 1 014 | metres |
Natural resources :
| arable land | bauxite |
| coal | fertile soils |
| natural gas |
Land use :
| arable land | 49.58 | % |
| permanent crops | 2.06 | % |
| other | 48.36 | % |
Irrigated land :
2 300 square km
Total renewable water resources :
120 cubic km
current issues :
the upgrading of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution to meet EU requirements will require large investments
international agreements :
| Air Pollution | Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides |
| Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants | Air Pollution-Sulfur 85 |
| Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 | Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds |
| Antarctic Treaty | Biodiversity |
| Climate Change | Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
| Desertification | Endangered Species |
| Environmental Modification | Hazardous Wastes |
| Law of the Sea | Marine Dumping |
| Ozone Layer Protection | Ship Pollution |
| Wetlands | Whaling |
Population :
9 905 596
Indicators :
| Growth rate | -0.26 | % |
| Birth rate | 9.51 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 1.35 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 12.94 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | 0.87 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 15.00 | % |
| 15-64 years | 69.30 | % |
| 65 years and over | 15.80 | % |
Median age :
| total | 39.40 | years |
| male | 37.10 | years |
| female | 42.00 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.06 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.06 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.97 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.57 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.91 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 7.86 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 73.44 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 69.27 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 77.87 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.10 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 3 300 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 100 |
Religions :
| Roman Catholic | 51.90 | % |
| Calvinist | 15.90 | % |
| Lutheran | 3.00 | % |
| Greek Catholic | 2.60 | % |
| other Christian | 1.00 | % |
| other | 11.10 | % |
| unaffiliated | 14.50 | % |
Languages :
| Hungarian | 93.60 | % |
Literacy :
| total population | 99.40 | % |
| male | 99.50 | % |
| female | 99.30 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Republic of Hungary |
| conventional short form | Hungary |
| local long form | Magyar Koztarsasag |
| local short form | Magyarorszag |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | HU |
| ISO Numeric | 348 |
| ISO3 | HUN |
| FIPS | HU |
| ccTLD | hu |
| English | Hungary |
Administrative divisions :
19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 23 urban counties (singular - megyei varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros)||counties:|Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala||urban counties:|Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg||capital city:|Budapest
Capital :
| name | Budapest |
| geographic coordinates | 47 30 N, 19 05 E |
| time difference | 1.00 |
| daylight saving time | 1 |
International organization participation :
| Australia Group | BIS |
| CE | CEI |
| CERN | EAPC |
| EBRD | EIB |
| ESA (cooperating state) | EU |
| FAO | G-9 |
| IAEA | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICC |
| ICCt | ICRM |
| IDA | IEA |
| IFC | IFRCS |
| ILO | IMF |
| IMO | IMSO |
| IOC | IOM |
| IPU | ISO |
| ITSO | ITU |
| ITUC | Interpol |
| MIGA | MINURSO |
| NATO | NEA |
| NSG | OAS (observer) |
| OECD | OIF (observer) |
| OPCW | OSCE |
| PCA | SECI |
| Schengen Convention | UN |
| UNCTAD | UNESCO |
| UNFICYP | UNHCR |
| UNIDO | UNIFIL |
| UNWTO | UPU |
| WCO | WEU (associate) |
| WFTU | WHO |
| WIPO | WMO |
| WTO | ZC |
Independence :
1000-12-25
National holiday :
Saint Stephens Day
2010-08-20
Executive branch :
| President Laszlo SOLYOM | Prime Minister Gordon BAJNAI |
Legislative branch :
| Fidesz-KDNP | 42.00 | % |
| SzDSz | 6.50 | % |
| MDF | 5.00 | % |
| other | 3.30 | % |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 186 300 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 124 200 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | -6.40 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 18 800 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 3.40 | % |
| industry | 34.30 | % |
| services | 62.40 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 5.00 | % |
| industry | 32.40 | % |
| services | 62.60 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 4 200 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 11.00 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 8.60 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 28.00 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 4.30 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 19.00 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 3 446 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 41 770 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 150 300 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad | 160 200 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | 238 500 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 21 900 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 1.75 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 72.40 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 3.50 | % |
| highest 10% | 24.10 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 54 800 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 59 860 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| cattle | corn |
| dairy | pigs |
| potatoes | poultry |
| sugar beets | sunflower seed |
| wheat |
Industries :
| chemicals | construction materials |
| metallurgy | mining |
| motor vehicles | pharmaceuticals |
| processed foods | textiles |
Industrial production growth rate :
-15.00 %
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 37 740 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 37 770 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Exports | 8 871 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Imports | 12 770 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 37 830 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 162 100 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 72 050 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 195 400 | bbl/day |
| Oil Proved reserves | 20 180 000 | bbl |
| Natural gas Production | 2 643 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Consumption | 13 170 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Exports | 21 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Imports | 11 470 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Electricity Exports | 8 098 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
78 610 000 000 $
Partners :
| Germany (de) | 25.40 | % |
| Italy (it) | 5.20 | % |
| Romania (ro) | 5.10 | % |
| Austria (at) | 4.70 | % |
| Tawian | 4.50 | % |
| Slovakia (sk) | 4.50 | % |
| France (fr) | 4.50 | % |
| United Kingdom (gb) | 4.40 | % |
Commodities :
| food products | fuels and electricity |
| machinery and equipment | manufactures |
| raw materials |
Value :
74 560 000 000 $
Partners :
| Germany (de) | 24.60 | % |
| Russia (ru) | 8.70 | % |
| China (cn) | 7.20 | % |
| Austria (at) | 6.00 | % |
| Tawian | 4.90 | % |
| Netherlands (nl) | 4.40 | % |
| France (fr) | 4.20 | % |
| Italy (it) | 4.10 | % |
Commodities :
| food products | fuels and electricity |
| machinery and equipment | other manufactures |
| raw materials |
Currency-code :
HUF
Currency-name :
forint
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 3 094 000 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 12 224 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 90 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 95 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | hu | |
| Internet Hosts | 2 261 000 | |
| Internet Users | 5 873 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 20 | |
| Heliports | 5 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 4 407 | km |
| Pipelines - oil | 987 | km |
| Pipelines - refined products | 335 | km |
| Roadways - total | 159 568 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 70 050 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 89 518 | km |
| Railways | 8 057 | km |
| Waterways | 1 622 | km |
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