* βeta
Greece
Background :
Greece achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1829. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941-44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between supporters of the king and Communist rebels. Following the latter's defeat in 1949, Greece joined NATO in 1952. In 1967, a group of military officers seized power, establishing a military dictatorship that suspended many political liberties and forced the king to flee the country. In 1974, democratic elections and a referendum created a parliamentary republic and abolished the monarchy. In 1981, Greece joined the EC (now the EU); it became the 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union in 2001.
Location :
Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey
Geographic Coordinates Center :
39 00 N, 22 00 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 19.37 |
| North | 41.76 |
| East | 28.25 |
| South | 34.81 |
Map references :
Europe
Area :
| total | 131 957 | square km |
| land | 130 647 | square km |
| water | 1 310 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 1 228 | km |
| Albania (al) | 282 | km |
| Bulgaria (bg) | 494 | km |
| Turkey (tr) | 206 | km |
| Macedonia (mk) | 246 | km |
Coastline :
13676.00 km
Climate :
temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Terrain :
mostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 0 | metres |
| highest point | 2 917 | metres |
Natural resources :
| bauxite | hydropower potential |
| iron ore | lead |
| lignite | magnesite |
| marble | nickel |
| petroleum | salt |
| zinc |
Land use :
| arable land | 20.45 | % |
| permanent crops | 8.59 | % |
| other | 70.96 | % |
Irrigated land :
14 530 square km
Total renewable water resources :
72 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| earthquakes |
current issues :
air pollution; water pollution
international agreements :
| Air Pollution | Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides |
| Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants | Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 |
| Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds | Antarctic Treaty |
| Antarctic-Environmental Protocol | Antarctic-Marine Living Resources |
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Endangered Species | Environmental Modification |
| Hazardous Wastes | Law of the Sea |
| Marine Dumping | Ozone Layer Protection |
| Ship Pollution | Tropical Timber 83 |
| Tropical Timber 94 | Wetlands |
Population :
10 737 428
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 0.13 | % |
| Birth rate | 9.45 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 1.37 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 10.51 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | 2.33 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 14.30 | % |
| 15-64 years | 66.60 | % |
| 65 years and over | 19.20 | % |
Median age :
| total | 41.80 | years |
| male | 40.70 | years |
| female | 42.90 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.06 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.06 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 1.00 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.78 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.96 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 5.16 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 79.66 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 77.11 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 82.37 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.20 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 11 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 100 |
Religions :
| Greek Orthodox | 98.00 | % |
| Muslim | 1.30 | % |
| other | 0.70 | % |
Languages :
| Greek | 99.00 | % |
Literacy :
| total population | 96.00 | % |
| male | 97.80 | % |
| female | 94.20 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Hellenic Republic |
| conventional short form | Greece |
| local long form | Elliniki Dhimokratia |
| local short form | Ellas or Ellada |
| former | Kingdom of Greece |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | GR |
| ISO Numeric | 300 |
| ISO3 | GRC |
| FIPS | GR |
| ccTLD | gr |
| English | Greece |
Administrative divisions :
51 prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos) and 1 autonomous region*; Achaia, Agion Oros* (Mt. Athos), Aitolia kai Akarnania, Argolis, Arkadia, Arta, Attiki, Chalkidiki, Chanion, Chios, Dodekanisos, Drama, Evros, Evrytania, Evvoia, Florina, Fokidos, Fthiotis, Grevena, Ileia, Imathia, Ioannina, Irakleion, Karditsa, Kastoria, Kavala, Kefallinia, Kerkyra, Kilkis, Korinthia, Kozani, Kyklades, Lakonia, Larisa, Lasithi, Lefkas, Lesvos, Magnisia, Messinia, Pella, Pieria, Preveza, Rethynnis, Rodopi, Samos, Serrai, Thesprotia, Thessaloniki, Trikala, Voiotia, Xanthi, Zakynthos
Capital :
| name | Athens |
| geographic coordinates | 37 59 N, 23 44 E |
| time difference | 2.00 |
| daylight saving time | 1 |
International organization participation :
| Australia Group | BIS |
| BSEC | CE |
| CERN | EAPC |
| EBRD | EIB |
| EMU | ESA |
| EU | FAO |
| FATF | IAEA |
| IBRD | ICAO |
| ICC | ICCt |
| ICRM | IDA |
| IEA | IFAD |
| IFC | IFRCS |
| IHO | ILO |
| IMF | IMO |
| IMSO | IOC |
| IOM | IPU |
| ISO | ITSO |
| ITU | ITUC |
| Interpol | MIGA |
| MINURSO | NATO |
| NEA | NSG |
| OAS (observer) | OECD |
| OIF | OPCW |
| OSCE | PCA |
| SECI | Schengen Convention |
| UN | UNCTAD |
| UNESCO | UNHCR |
| UNIDO | UNIFIL |
| UNMIS | UNWTO |
| UPU | WCO |
| WEU | WFTU |
| WHO | WIPO |
| WMO | WTO |
| ZC |
Independence :
1829
National holiday :
Independence Day
1821-03-25
Executive branch :
| President Karolos PAPOULIAS | Prime Minister Yeoryios PAPANDREOU |
Legislative branch :
| PASOK | 43.90 | % |
| ND | 33.50 | % |
| KKE | 7.50 | % |
| LAOS | 5.60 | % |
| SYRIZA | 4.60 | % |
| other | 4.90 | % |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 339 200 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 338 300 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | -2.50 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 32 100 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 3.40 | % |
| industry | 20.80 | % |
| services | 75.80 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 12.40 | % |
| industry | 22.40 | % |
| services | 65.10 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 5 010 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 8.90 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 33.00 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 1.00 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 15.60 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 40 820 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 3 473 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 552 800 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad | 29 550 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | 43 070 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 264 899 999 999 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 4.30 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 108.10 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 2.50 | % |
| highest 10% | 26.00 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 108 700 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 145 200 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| barley | beef |
| corn | dairy |
| olives | potatoes |
| sugar beets | tobacco |
| tomatoes | wheat |
| wine |
Industries :
| chemicals | food and tobacco processing |
| metal products | mining |
| petroleum | textiles |
| tourism |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 58 790 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 58 280 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Exports | 1 962 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Imports | 7 575 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 4 891 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 434 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 151 300 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 553 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Proved reserves | 10 000 000 | bbl |
| Natural gas Production | 14 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Consumption | 4 206 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Imports | 4 205 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Electricity Exports | 1 982 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
18 640 000 000 $
Partners :
| Italy (it) | 11.50 | % |
| Germany (de) | 10.50 | % |
| Bulgaria (bg) | 7.10 | % |
| Cyprus (cy) | 6.20 | % |
| United States (us) | 5.00 | % |
| United Kingdom (gb) | 4.70 | % |
| Romania (ro) | 4.40 | % |
Commodities :
| chemicals | foods and beverages |
| manufactured products | petroleum products |
| textiles |
Value :
61 470 000 000 $
Partners :
| Germany (de) | 12.10 | % |
| Italy (it) | 11.70 | % |
| Russia (ru) | 7.40 | % |
| China (cn) | 5.60 | % |
| France (fr) | 5.10 | % |
| Netherlands (nl) | 4.70 | % |
Commodities :
| chemicals | fuels |
| machinery | transportation equipment |
Currency-code :
EUR
Currency-name :
euro
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 5 975 000 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 13 799 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 88 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 36 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | gr | |
| Internet Hosts | 2 342 000 | |
| Internet Users | 4 253 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 67 | |
| Heliports | 9 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 1 197 | km |
| Pipelines - oil | 75 | km |
| Roadways - total | 117 533 | km |
| Roadways - expressways | 880 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 107 895 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 9 638 | km |
| Railways | 2 548 | km |
| Waterways | 6 | km |
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